A SECOND OHIO WEED MANUAL. 



355 



276 Matrimony Vine (P) *Lycium vulgare (Ait. f . ) Dunal. This is a 

 woody vine, frequently with spines, and often escapes to borders and waste 

 places. The orange-red berries are characteristic. Killed by frequent cutting. 



277 Black Henbane (P) *Hyoscyamns nigerlj. This sticky, narcotic, 

 poisonous herb, somewhat resembles the following sorts, but has smaller flowers. 

 Even more dangerous than jimsonweed. Destroyed by cutting. 



278 Jimsonweed, Jamestown=weed (A) * Datura Stramonium L., and 279 

 Thorn=apple (A) *Datuta Tatula L. Fig. 52 shows a branch of one of these 

 weeds with blossom aud prickly fruit. Both have 



large, scallop-toothed leaves and funnel-shaped white 

 or purple flowers. The common name of these weeds 

 is by reason of their early introduction at Jamestown, 

 Virginia. 



Seeds black, kidney form, 1-8 inch long, wrinkled 

 and finel}' pitted over the surface. These weeds 

 should be pulled out wherever found as they are dan- 

 gerous. Children gathering plants have been poisoned 

 from eating the leaves. 



FIGWORT FAMILY, SCROPHULARIACE^E. 



280 Mullen, Woolly Mullen (B) *Verbascum 

 Thapsus L. It is a tall plant, 3 to 6 feet high, with 

 large whitish, woolly leaves and dense clusters of 

 yellow flowers; common in sandy pastures and waste 

 places. It should be cut off below the crown with hoe 

 or mattock; if this is done in fall or early spring the 

 plants may soon be destroyed. 



281 Moth=mullen (B) *Verbascum Btattaria^L. 

 deserves to rank among the very worst weeds of timothy mead- 

 ows, since the small, bro^n seeds are so common among the 

 seeds of this grass as well as in clover seed. The plant is 

 smooth, with a dense rosette of dark green leaves, from which 

 springs a tall flower-stalk with woolly, yellow or white flowers 

 followed by globular pods of the size of peas. Very frequent 

 in meadows and by roadsides. The universal testimony about 

 this weed is "I found it in a newly seeded meadow." Seeds 

 very small, brown, about 1-40 inch long, like the lower part of 

 a hexagonal pyramid, with sides alternately pitted, see weed 

 cuts. Very frequent in seeds of timothy and similar seeds of 

 grasses. To be cut out in early spring with hoe or spud. 



282 Toad=flax, Butter=and=Eggs, Ranstead (P) *Lin- 

 aria Linatia (L. ) Karst. This is another one of the "posies" 

 that soon prove to be weeds. Commonly planted about pioneer 

 cabins and public cemeteries for ornament, this weed, unless 

 destroyed, will spread over fields and waysides. It grows in 

 dense tufts with low, erect stems, narrow leaves and bright 

 yellow, spurred flowers, Fig. 54. It produces seeds abundantly, and propagates 

 itself without limit by its underground stems. I have seen the sloping grassy 

 hillsides and waysides of central Pennsylvania dotted for miles with this weed; 

 once upon a farm it spreads to every corner, infesting all fields to their perma- 

 nent damage. r J hus far in Ohio it is chiefly limited to patches here and there, 

 but as surely as it is neglected for twenty or thirty years more, so surely will 

 many of the fields of the state be hopelessly overrun by it. 



Jimsonweed. 

 {After Mills payrh. 



Moth-mullen, Fig. 53, 



