356 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 175. 



Seeds black, with wing-, the whole 1-12 inch across, see Fig-. 54a, which 

 represents it enlarged several times. Present in seeds and hay from some 



districts. Toad-flax, like horse-nettle, requires per- 

 sistent and vigorous labor to destroy it. It may be 

 killed out by continuous cultivation, but is much more 

 likely to spread through the breaking- and spreading 

 of the under-ground stems, Use of the hoe and some 

 plant destroyer such as coal oil, salt or sulfuric acid, 

 following- the cutting- will be found efficacious, if con- 

 tinued for two or more seasons. In pastures, it goes 

 without saying, that salt would invite other assistance 

 in the destruction. The weed should not be trans- 

 planted for ornament. 



283 Figwort (P) Scrophularia Marylandica'L. 

 This is a tall, smooth plant, 3 to 5 feet high, with 

 foursided stems and very large, pointed, saw-toothed 

 leaves. It is common in low, rich bottoms and along 

 ditches. 



Seeds dull brown, 1-32 inch long, deeply grooved 

 and wrinkled-roughened. Figwort may be killed 

 out by persistent grubbing. Where abundant, the 

 roots, which are an officinal remedy, might be sold to 

 repay the cost of digging them. 



284 Foxglove Beard=tongue (P) *Pentstemen 



Digitalis (Sweet) Nutt. Is a western, smooth annual. 

 3 to 4 feet high. It has long, tapering, smooth leaves with clasping base and 

 large, tubular, inflated, whitish flowers commonly striped with purple. These 

 are borne in dense clusters at the top of the stem. The seeds of this plant 

 which are irregularly angular about 1-20 inch long, have been introduced into 

 many counties of Ohio during the past few years in western grass seeds and in 

 grain. It may be killed out by digging it up, otherwise our own grass seeds 

 will soon become infested. 



285 Corn=speedwell (A) * Veronica arvensis L, 286 Purslane=speed= 

 well (A) Veronica peregrina L, 287 Thyme=Ieaved Speedwell (P) Ver- 

 onica serpylli folia L, and 288 Fieldspeedwell (A) Veronica agrestis L. 

 These are small, weedy plants, 4 to 8 inches high, with rather pretty flowers 

 along the tips of the branches. All except the last named are found nearly 

 everywhere in gardens, in lawns and by roadsides. They grow in early spring, 

 blossoming and seeding with chickweed and shepherd's-purse, and requiring 

 the same severe methods for their destruction. The last named is less general 

 but of the same character. 



289 Common Speedwell (P) Veronica officinalis L. This is a downy, 

 prostrate, stem-rooting plant of dry banks, with elliptical leaves 1-2 to 2 inches 

 long, and short spikes of rather pretty, blue flowers. 



BROOMRAPE FAMILY, OROBANCHACE^B. 



290 Louisana Broomrape (A) Orobanche Ludoviciana Nutt., and 291 

 Hemp=Tobacco Broomrape (A) *Otobanche ramosa L. These two species are 

 of interest in Ohio, since the first has already attacked tobacco, in Clermont 

 county, apparently passing from wild plants, while the second is a pest upon 

 hemp and tobacco in Kentucky. A third species, 292 Clover Broomrape *Or- 

 banche minor J. E. Smith, occurs upon clover roots in Europe and in the Eastern 

 United States. Seeds of all small, but the hemp species likely to occur in 

 hemp seed. 



