A SECOND OHIO WEED MANUAL. 



359 



MADDER FAMILY, RUBIACF^E. 



299 Button=weed (A) Diodia teres Walt. This a low plant with rough 

 stems and small, rough, narrow, opposite leaves. The flowers and seeds are 

 borne in the leaf angles (axils). This species, long abundant in the Atlantic 

 coast region is now found also in Ohio. Its weedy character is to be determined 

 here. The stony seeds are wedge-shaped, about 1-8 inch long by half as broad 

 and somewhat rough on surface. 



300 Bedstraw, Cleavers, Goosegrass (A) ^Galium Aparine L. This is a 

 weak-stemmed, prickly-angled plant, trailing over other plants and over bushes. 

 It is found in damp thickets and along fence-rows. The seeds mature and drop 

 early, so that where troublesome it is best controlled by taming the land and 

 crowding it out with grasses. Seeds rough, apple-shaped with one sunken cone, 

 about 1-8 inch in diameter. 



HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY, CAPRIFOLIACE^E. 



301 Common Elder (P) Sambucus Canadensis L. The common elder has dark 

 purple berries in large, flat clusters, following the somewhat showy blossoms; 

 the pithy, woody stems are easily cut and broken, but the spreading roots are 

 much more difficult to destroy, since they spread and send up new shoots on slight 

 provocation. The roots in this case, like the underground stems of horse-nettle, 

 require to be starved out by repeated cutting or dragged out by cultivation. 

 Seeds spread by birds attracted by the berries. 



VALERIAN FAMILY, VALERIANACE^E. 



302 Lamb=lettuce, Corn=salad (A) Valerianella radiata (E.) Dufr. This is 

 a low, white-flowered, pale weed, with two-forked, branching stems and grow- 

 ing in wet grass lands. It is mentioned here more by reason of its abundance 

 than because of any especially noxious character. 



Fig-. 58. Teasel. 



[After Millspmugh.) 



TEASEL FAMILY, DIPSACE^E. 



303 Tessel (B^ *Dipsacus sylvestris 

 Huds. Teasel, Fig. 58, is by no means 



a rare roadside weed. Its large prickly 

 leaves and awned heads are very conspic- 

 uous. It grows like the common thistle, 

 and like it flourishes through neglect. It 

 often infests fields, but is more generally a 

 weed to demand the attention of the road 

 supervisor. 



Seeds, brown, four sided and somewhat 

 angled, ends almost flat, 1-6 inch long, with a 

 rib lengthwise in the middle of each side. 

 Teasel, like any other biennial, may be readily 

 destroyed by deep cutting or grubbing in 

 early summer. The use of the hoe would 

 greatly improve the appearance of many 

 roadsides. 



BELLFLOWER FAMILY, CAMPANULACE^E. 

 304 Creeping Bellflower (P) * Campanula Rapunculoides L. This bell- 

 flower is becoming more widely scattered. Its leaves are ovate, pointed and 

 scallop-toothed, while the flowers are scattered along the upper portion of the 

 stem. The plant spreads by rootstocks and may be destroyed as other plants 

 propagated in the same manner. 



