A SECOND OHIO WEED MANUAL. 



363 



reached northeastern Ohio, having- been collected by correspondents in the 

 northeastern part of Orwell township, Ashtabula county, at Cherry Valley, 

 Williamsfield and Lindenville, same county, at Thompson's Ledge, Geauga 

 county and also received from Columbiana, Columbi- 

 ana county, and Alliance, Stark county. In all 

 these localities it does not appear that there are 

 more than a patch or two of the weed. 



Seeds cylindrical, black, one-twelfth inch long, 

 ribbed, with slight tawny pappus. The work upon 

 this weed in Vermont leads Prof. Jones to recommend 

 sat at the rate of one or two tons per acre, which 

 kills the weed without seriously injuring- grasses. 

 It should be exterminated in each locality if possible. 



324 Mouse=ear Hawkweed (P) *Hieracium 

 Pilosclla L. This hawkweed has appeared in Lake 

 county and calls for mention. It propagates by 

 stolons, has hairy parts and a scape or stalk with a 

 single flower. Probably more a weed of waste places 

 than of pastures, but merits watching - . 



325 King=devil (P) *Hieracium prealtum Vill. 

 This expressively named weed proves to be as 

 bad as the golden hawkweed in parts of the New 

 England States. The heads are yellow, against the orange-red of that 

 species, while the stems are smooth and glaucous. May not as yet be in Ohio, 

 but merits a suitable reception when appearing. 



Fig-. 64- Golden Hawkweed. 

 {After Vasev.) 



RAGWEED FAMILY AMBROSIACE^E. 



326 Marsh Elder (A) Iva ciliata Wild. The seeds of this and other 

 species of Iva, native farther west and northwest, occur in alfalfa seed offered 

 our state; the plants, accordingly, may be expected to appear. 



Seeds about 1-8 inch long, nearly as broad at wider end, and within 

 conspicuously ridge-ribbed on the face. See seed cuts. This with other species 

 of Marsh elder to be expected in western alfalfa seed. 



327 Ragweed, Roman Wormwood (A) Ambtosia artemisicpfolia L. 

 Ragweed, with its divided leaves and long spikes of pollen-producing 



flowers, is known to most persons. It is the universal weed of Ohio grain fields, 

 ranking with our European immigrants in its noxious character. It reappears 

 persistently, following the grain crop, and its hard stems remain to infest the 

 hay of the next year unless sooner removed. 



Seeds dark brown, ovoid, with sharp tip, one-eighth inch long, two-thirds 

 as thick, smooth, commonly surrounded by an urn-shaped, long-pointed 

 covering, with six or more horn-like projections around the crown. Frequent in 

 American clover seed, and evidently retaining their vitality for many years 

 when buried in the soil. It is, apparently, these soil covered seeds that lie in 

 wait for the removal of the grain crops and showery seasons thereafter. 



Careful selection of seed and the free use of the mowing machine after 

 harvest, will in time conquer even ragweed. But the victory will not be 

 apparent until the soil balance of seeds has been exhausted through years of 

 cultivation. Manifestly the mowing machine should be used before any seed has 

 been formed, even before blossoming. When the weeds are thus cut down they 

 will form a useful mulch for young grasses. 



