368 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 175. 



Like several of the foregoing - it appears to indicate a soil out of condition. Such 

 lands seem to need drainage and fertilizing and especially cultivation and 

 rotation with clover. Where the weed conies in pastures the same method is 

 required. A mixture of grasses will sometimes resist adverse conditions more 

 successfully than a single kind. 



351 Everlasting, Cudweed (A) Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. With its 

 light color and woolly, fragrant foliage, the common everlasting may easily 

 be known. It is 1 to 3 feet high, having white, clustered heads and lance-shaped 

 leaves, tapering at the base. It is common in old fields and in dry woods. 

 The cudweeds are none of them particularly aggressive, while the tall ones are 

 far from handsome. This one may soon be destroyed by pulling or frequent 

 mowing. 



352 Low Cudweed (A) Gnaphalium uliginosum L. In contrast with the 

 preceding, low cudweed is commonly 3 to 5 inches high, spreading upon the 

 ground by diffuse branching. The heads are small, in dense terminal clusters, 

 he foliage green above and whitish beneath. The small tufts of this weed are. 

 common in dry soil. About Wooster they occur in gravel walks, fields and in 

 open woodlands. Not especially prominent nor disfiguring. It has been pro- 

 posed by a correspondent to use this as a bedding plant to secure marked 

 tcontrast with alternanthera, in borders, etc. It may have value for this purpose 



353 Elecampane (P) * Inula Hclenium L. Fig. 

 68 shows the appearance of a flowerstalk and flower 

 of this plant. It is stout, 3 to 5 feet high, with very 

 large lower leaves, woolly beneath. Elecampane has 

 a thick root, and the leaves springing from it. have 

 long petioles while the stem leaves are partly clasp- 

 ing. This weed has been occasionally transplanted, 

 probably for ornament or reputed medicinal qualities-. 

 It is found in fields, about old house-sites and by 

 roadsides. As a weed, it shows good powers of 

 resistance and capacity to spread. The plant belongs 

 among our weeds. 



Seeds brown, four to five ribbed, 1-6 inch long 



with pappus (hairs). They are blown by the wind. 



The thick, fleshy root of this weed is not easy to kill. 



Elecampane. Close cutting with the hoe, if repeated, will soon 

 {After MMsfaugh.) ., ° , ^ 



conquer the plant. 



354 Cup=p!ant, Rosinweed (P) Silphium petfoliatum L. This plant has 

 large, square stems and ample leaves uniting by their bases to form the 'cups'. 

 The heads are rather few, large with yellow rays. Frequent along roadways 

 especially'- in moist soil. Destroyed by hoe cutting. 



355 Ox=eye (P) Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) B. S. P. Ox-eye is a smooth 

 plant, with opposite, three-ribbed, toothed leaves and yellow heads resembling 

 those of the sunflowers, from which the glabrous aspect of the plant serves to 

 distinguish the ox-eye. Frequent along roadsides and borders. 



356 Yellow Daisy, Brown=eyed Susan, Niggerhead (B) Rudbeckia hirta 

 L. The yellow daisy, with its rough, bristly stems, 1 to 2 feet high, oblong or 

 tapering leaves, and large heads with yellow rays and dark purple disk flowers, 

 is found generally in meadows and by roadsides. Seeds brown, four-angled, 

 about 3-16 inch long, with no pappus (hairs) and only a minute border at the 

 top. Frequent in grass and clover seeds. This biennial, if not continuously 

 introduced in the seeds sown, may soon be killed out by hand digging. 



