28 



spring, before there is much sap in the wood, kills them, al- 

 though the stumps live on, and with great persistency pro- 

 duce a fresh growth. In the struggle for existence the Scrub 

 Oak and the Black Jack usually survive. Although these 

 two oaks are of slight economic importance, it is due to 

 their pertinacity that in many places the soil has been pre- 

 vented from shifting. The species which form this coppice 

 are Red Oak (Q. rubra) , P 'ost Oak (Q. minor), Black Oak 

 (Q. velutina), White Oak (Q. alba), Chestnut Oak (Q. 

 prinus), Spanish Oak (Q. digitata), Black Jack (Q. marilan- 

 dica), and Scarlet Oak.((?. coccinea) " (Geol. Rpt, '99, Gif- 

 ford, 242.) 



Quercus palustris, Muench. Pin Oak. Swamp Spanish Oak. 



"In low woods. Occasional or frequent in the southern 

 counties. Abundant northward." (Britton.) 



^Quercus coccinea, Muench. Scarlet Oak. 



"Woods. Common throughout the State." (Britton.) 

 "Deciduous zone, coniferous zone. It may be noted that 



Quercus coccinea is listed as a characteristic tree in both zones. 



This means that it is so abundant in both that any description 



Fig. 13. 



Qw reus coccinea, Muench. Scarlet Oak. From Sargent's " Trees of North America." 



of the prevailing vegetation in either would be incomplete 

 unless it was mentioned." (Geol. Rpt, '99, Hollick, 185.) 



