THE PRIMEVAL MONUMENTS OF PERU. 7 
cornice. Their tops seem to have been flat. On the other 
hand the round chulpas here swell out regularly up to the 
ornamental band or cornice, and terminate in a dome. 
These features, however, are still better marked in the 
ruins of Sillustani, where the chulpas, in respect of size, 
elaboration of design and workmanship, take their highest 
form. Here we find them built of great blocks of trachyte 
and other hard stones, fitted together with unsurpassable 
Hit on LU d 
Square Chulpa, Escoma, Bolivia. 
accuracy, the structure nevertheless preserving some of the 
characteristie features of the first and rudest form of the 
chulpa (Fig. 6). The lower course of stones is almost inva- 
riably composed of great blocks of which the unhewn por- 
tions are set in the ground, and these support a series of 
layers, not always regular in respect of thickness, nor uni- 
form in respect of size, but which have their sides cut on 
exact radii of the circle, and,their faces cut with an accu- 
rate bevel upward to correspond with the swell of the tower. 
