6 THE PRIMEVAL MONUMENTS OF PERU. 
and typical forms of the same class of monuments already 
described, these also have an inner chamber, vaulted by over- 
lapping stones, after the fashion of the earlier approxima- 
tions towards the arch. They differ, however, in having 
each four niches in the chamber or vault, placed at right 
angles in respect to each other. The sides of these niches 
converge a little towards their tops, as do most of the 
Fig. 3. Inca niches, 
PEE windows and 
: Cos SS " 
Led X SN doorways. In 
EC OEC Se, . 
Cy PS these niches 
re; x T TRUM f å 
" , al “ = Kr " T S >, 4 5 A 
Aii mina mE oe R were astene l 
P e ~ si the bodies of 
Ce Eig the dead, in 
Cs ui 
squatting or 
crouching 
double -sto- 
ried, square 
chulpa, with 
un): jj, à pucura or 
TUE hill fort in the 
SSO ee = = “~~ distance, oc- 
oS" a SS | curring near 
Chulpa, Ullulloma, partly ruined. the Bolivian 
town of Escoma, on the eastern shore of Lake Titicaca. 
Figure 5 is a section of this chulpa. I introduce these 
cuts to show some of the variations in this class of monu- 
ments. Escoma is on the same side of Lake Titicaca with 
Quellenata, but sixty miles to the southward; and it is a 
curious fact, that while at the latter place all the chulpas are 
round, at the former they are all square. 
The sides of all the square chulpas appear to be perfectly 
vertical, and near their summits we find a projecting band or 
Locis 
