FAUNA OF THE SOUTHERN ALLEGHANIES. 395 
the woods on the Black Mountains at that southern point, 
when he was younger, and that he is satisfied that its range 
extended nearly to South Carolina during the human period. 
This species formerly ranged over the Alleghanian fauna, but 
is now nearly confined to the Canadian. 
Like the red squirrel the Canada lynx extends to the 
southern limits of the Alleghany ranges, occupying the 
highest ground, though apparently not so restricted to the 
elevations as the first named. It is distinguished, by the 
name catamount, from the Lynx rufus which is called wild 
cat, and is well known to the hunters. It is known to be a 
northern species, being unknown in the wilds of the lower 
country of Virginia and North Carolina, where the L. rufus 
takes its place. What its southern limit is, in eastern and 
western Pennsylvania, I am unable to ascertain. 
In Giles County, E. Virginia, at an elevation of five thous- 
and feet, I observed in August, 1867, the following species of 
birds: Junco hyemalis, Dendreeca icterocephala, D. Black- 
burniæ, D. cærulescens, D. maculosa, D. virens, Myiodioctes 
Canadensis, M. mitralus, Parula Americana, Mniotilta varia, 
Setophaga ruticilla. From the season at which these were 
observed, they evidently bred in the locality in question. 
They were most of them abundant. 
In the high valley of Henderson county, and on the Black, 
Rich, and other mountains in southern North Carolina in 
September, 1869, I observed the following: Junco hyemalis, 
Vireo solitarius, Dendræca coronata, D. maculosa, D. virens, 
D. cerulescens, D. Blackburniæ, Parula Americana, Mnio- 
tilta varia, Myiodioctes mitratus, Setophaga ruticilla. These 
were also abundant, and no doubt bred in the localities in 
question. 
These species are enumerated as especially northern forms. 
They pass Philadelphia in latitude 40° in early spring (April 
and May), on their way to northern breeding places. 
Rarely a Setophaga ruticilla breeds in that region, but the 
great majority accompany the northern Dendrocas and the 
