400 FAUNA OF THE SOUTHERN ALLEGHANIES. 
pes guttolineatus seemed to take the place in habit and man- 
ners of our Plethodon erythronotus, which did not occur 
there. The occurrence of these species at that elevation 
seems quite peculiar, as I did not meet with either of them 
in three weeks in the valley of Tennessee from ten to thirty 
miles north of Knoxville, nor in two months in the low 
country of western, middle and eastern North Carolina, in 
the latitude of this valley. 
Besides these species, there were abundant the widely dis- 
tributed Spelerpes bilineatus, S. ruber, Amblystoma puncta- 
tum, and Desmognathus fuscus. D. niger and D. ochropheus 
of the neighboring mountains were not there. 
As to the flora of the valley I made but few observations. 
The buckeyes and Gordonia of the Cumberland Mountains 
had disappeared, and the universal “ stick-weed" (-Actinome- 
ris squamosa) of the Great Valley was rare. Aconitum un- 
cinatum adorned the thickets with its twining stem bearing 
large blue flowers. The coarse Silphium terebinthaceum was 
conspicuous in the old fields, along with abundance of a 
common Crategus. In the woods there were three species 
of Viburnum, and the swamps were often well protected 
against intruders by the Smilax laurifolia. ‘The moss sup- 
ported abundance of the Sarracenia purpurea, and a second 
species, perhaps S. rubra. 
The latter plant is interesting as furnishing another in- 
stance of the dependence between species of different king- 
doms, for means of subsistence. The tubular leaves of this 
species are erect and slender, or trumpet shaped. The del- 
icate hairs with which they are lined increase in coarseness 
to near the base, while they are so delicate on the inside of 
the free portion of the leaf as to produce the effect of iri- 
descence. Insects which enter are imprisoned by this ar- 
rangement, and I did not examine a specimen, of the many 
observed, which did not contain at least an inch of dead 
insects of all orders, in the bottom. On the top of this 
mass of decay a large dipterous larva was invariably found. 
