NATURAL HISTORY MISCELLANY. 447 
The bolson of Cuzco, which is not far from thirty miles long, is divided 
into two nearly equal parts by the Pass of Angostura, or the narrows, 
where the mountain spurs project toward each other into the valley, leav- 
ing hardly room enough for the roadway and the river. On the promon- 
buildings and remains of wo orks, showing that this was regarded as a 
strategic or important position, for the immediate protection of the 
itol 
The Cit ty of Cuzco, which occupies the site. of the ancient capitol, 
stands at the northern or most elevated extremity of the bolson, or valley, 
on the lower slopes of three high hills, the Carmenca, Sacsahuaman, and 
Cantuta, where as many rivulets, the Almodena, Huatenay and Tullamayo, 
or Ro odadero, coming together like the fi ngers of an outspread hand, 
land of the Sacsahuaman, between the Huatenay and the Rodadero. 
The position of this d as determined by Mr. Pentland, is latitude 139 
91! S., and longitude 72° 2! W. of Greenwich. Its elevation above the sea, 
the climate is equable and salubrious. Wheat, se ae and pota- 
u iie 
conditions that not more than thirty miles distant are deep, hot valle in 
where semi-tropical fruits may be produced abundantly, we may compre- 
hend that Cuzco was not an unfavorable site for a great capitol. 
very name, e may credit the chronicler, signified 
Umbilicus. The Inca power once fairly established in the cluster of val- 
leys, of which I have spoken, and the d narrow passes by whi 
itants of the vite and na ille running down the slopes of 
Andes and the Doa: eft to subdue one by one the families di 
ing in the bolsones northward to the Equator, and southward below the 
desert of At visse an extent of thirty-seven degrees of latitude. 
— E. G. Squier, from Lecture on Peruvian Archeology + Sahel before the 
American depu dud Pici Society, February 1 
