RECENT ADVANCES IN GEOLOGY. 455 
compound clothing of wool and hair; the rhinoceros simi- 
larly protected; the cave-bear and cave-hyena; the tiger; 
and the great ox, not patient of toil as at this day, but fierce 
and indomitable. On this continent was the elephant of a 
closely-allied species; the lion and bear, and at least two 
species of the musk-ox, gigantie as compared to their mod- 
ern congener. 
In such a climate and on such a soil we can well imagine 
that agriculture formed no part of the occupation of the 
primitive man. He gathered not the kindly fruits of the 
.earth, but was essentially a predaceous animal. The few 
skulls that have been recovered would indicate that he was 
low in the scale of intellectual organization —a small brain, 
a retreating forehead, and oblique jaws. In capacity he was 
below the Australian and New Zealander. In stature he 
was dwarfed, but was broad-shouldered and robust— the 
result, perhaps, of vigorous exertion and out-door exposure. 
He was carniverous, and, perhaps, a raw flesh-eater; for in 
the jaws which have been disinterred, the incisor-teeth are 
much worn—a peculiarity which has been noticed in those 
of the flesh-eating Esquimaux. This fact ought not to be 
cited to his disadvantage, for in an Arctic climate, where the 
animal heat is so rapidly abstracted, man requires a highly 
nitrogenous food. Thus we find our own countryman, Kane, 
when imprisoned in the ice of Rensselaer Harbor, resorting 
to raw walrus-meat, and rolling it as a sweet morsel under 
his tongue. 
It cannot be gainsayed, however, that man was a cannibal. 
In Scotland were found the bones of children which, accord- 
ing to Owen, bore upon them the marks of human teeth, 
and the:evidences produced in.the Archeological Congress 
at Copenhagen established this fact beyond controversy. 
He was not destitute of skill in the art of delineation, for 
we have restored to us, on a slab of slate, a very good 
profile of the great cave-bear— the earliest instance extant 
of pictorial representation. 
