REVIEWS. 675 
to apply these distinctions, and it seems difficult to render 
them of any great systematic value. Leighton, who has de- 
scribed and figured the spermatia of a large number of 
lichens, has failed in many instances to recognize the dif- 
ferences in form indicated by Nylander, especially in regard 
to the first two forms. and points out a great confusion in the 
application of Nylander's idea in his Prodromous and Synop- 
sis in regard to the spermatia of Platysma (Cetraria). In 
figure 150 (a, spermatia of Pyrenula lactea Mass. ; b. Ver- 
rucaria epigea Pers. ; c, Synalissa phylliscina; d, S. phao- 
cocca Tuck.; e, Lecanora athrocarpa Duby; f, Parmelia 
colpodes Tuck.; g, Cetraria ciliaris Ach.; h, Placodium 
camptidium Tuck.), we give a few additional illustrations 
of the different forms of spermatia. A slight but distinct 
crackle is almost invariably heard on crushing the spermo- 
gonia under the thin glass, which seems peculiar to these 
organs. Besides the spermogonia, there are also other 
small bodies, resembling them in external appearance, called 
pycnides (Fig. 151), but containing spore-like bodies called 
stylospores (Fig. 152), on the extremities of short filaments. 
They are often septate. Their office is unknown, and they 
are of comparatively infrequent occurrence. 
: REVIEWS. 
dade 
THE EARED ined aiias to the year 1866, comparatively little atten- 
tion had been paid to the systematic relations inter se of the seals, and in 
that year, Dr. John Edward Gray, in the “Catalogue of the Seals and 
Whales in the British Museum,” iby essentially the same classifica- 
maaa enana it E ansa 
*On the Eared Seals (Olariadz), pens detailed pe ae ge of the North Pacific species, by 
J. A. Allen. Together with an account of the habits of the northern fur seal (Ca/forhinus we 
nus), by Charles Bryant. [l pl. 108 ax 3 pl. 3l. exp.] Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative 
NY logy [ete.]. Vol. I. No.1. 
copy which we owe Aa the kindness of the author, is 
graphic plates of Zalophus Giltespit. 
is further illustrated by two photo- 
