THE SPERM WHALES, GIANT AND PYGMY. 737 
only from the lower jaw and the accompanying figure ; but 
those combined will be sufficient to readily distinguish the 
last species from its congeners, although we must await with 
impatience the collection of better material, and we may be 
allowed to hope that this article may incite our Californian 
friends to seek for and procure specimens. 
Our present knowledge of the species of this sub-family 
seems to indicate that there are two well-marked divisions, 
one of which is represented by the species (Physeter brevi- 
ceps Bl.), on which the genus Kogia was originally based by 
Dr. Gray, and to which the Huphysetes Grayi Wall, the 
Euphysetes Macleayt Krefft, and the Mazatlan individual also 
belong; and the other division is represented by the Zuphy- 
setes simus Owen. These are very decidedly distinguished 
by the difference in the form of the lower jaw, and the form 
as well as development of the teeth. 
In all the typical Kogie, the lower jaw, for each ramus, 
has a more or less truncated oar-shaped posterior margin, 
and from its upper and lower angles, the respective margins 
converge, describing nearly straight or little convex outlines, 
to the alveolar area, the lower margin ascending upwards to 
the symphysis, where the rami are parallel or nearly so, and 
which there project downwards into a longitudinally convex 
carina. There are from thirteen to fifteen teeth in each 
ramus; they are very long, much curved, and acutely 
pointed. 
In Euphysetes simus “each ramus has a convex, almost 
semicircular posterior margin, curving upward and back- 
ward from below where the angle poroi exists in other 
mammals, and then forward to the seat of the coronoid pro- 
cess [etc.]. In the alveolar groove are partially excavated 
sockets for nine teeth [etc.]; the teeth are small, straight, 
conical, obtuse, not exceeding eight lines in length, of which 
the cylindrical base has a diameter of two lines, that of the 
crown a diameter of one and one-half lines, with a length of 
two and one-half lines, diminishing to a sub-recurved apex” 
AMER. NATURALIST, VOL. IV. 93 
