146 REVIEWS. 
7. Temperature is the great agent which determines the distribution of 
submarine animals; a view previously maintained by many eminent nat- 
uralists and now permanently established by these, and other dredgings 
in the assa and by the researches of American naturalists in the 
North Pac 
tis to “a DEREI that the views of Mr. Jeffreys in regard to the spe- 
cific and generic limits of animals, differ so widely from those of the 
majority of modern naturalists. In the present report he unites animals 
belonging to different genera under the same specific name; e. g., hei- 
mia septigera and cae septata, and those who have had occasion to 
critically examine his British Conchology, find in it many similar cases. 
Such determinations, nga course, will tend to invalidate any conclusions 
which niay be drawn from his report, and will undoubtedly throw à 
certain amount of efi upon the whole subject. — W. H. D. 
THE CLASSIFICATION OF WATER BrRDs.* — Although from the title of 
this paper one vie reasonably expect to find the classification of the 
c only so-called water birds in general treated of, the writer re- 
m 
proper, as distinguished from aquatic, or even natatorial Gralle.” The 
series of special papers on pag of the principal groups of the swim- 
birds which Dr. Coues has published during the last few years Tf 
scientific student will find himself warranted in the natural anticipation 
of finding the sod in question full of important and, in general, well 
considered d 
r. Coues me out with the assumption that it is demonstrable that 
the Natatores ** are one of three primary divisions of birds, at least of car- 
inate birds," which he regards, practically, at least, as subclasses. To 
t 
uding to the fact that a singular unanimity has prevailed in 
regard to the definition of the group of Natatores, and that in the main 
similar subdivisions have been recognized, though by different authors 
ward iri and their rank differently estimated, he proc ceeds 
efly nsideration of four of the leading modern systems of or- 
pde mss te These are, to quote his own words, ** (1) a 
*On the Classification of Water Birds. By Elliott rape A. M., M. D., Ph. D., ete. Proc. 
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1869, Vol. 1, pp. 193-218. Decemb 
t (1.) Synopsis of the North American forms of Dui Uni aa Podicipide. Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., 1862, pp. 226-233, April, 1862. (2.) Revision of the Gulls of North jones Er 
; p 1 
of Colymbus torquatus; with notes on its Myology, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, pp. 131-172, 
Apes, me. "a A Wenn of t the Aleida. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sel., pem pp 
sense 
