No. 386.] FORESTRY AND GEOLOGY. III 
but all the evidence thus far adduced from the fossil plants 
indicates a transition from the Triassic flora below to the typi- 
cal Cretaceous flora above. 
In this transition flora, accompanying the pteridophytes and 
gymnosperms, are numerous archaic types of angiosperms and 
others in which generic relationships with living plants are 
more or less definitely indicated. Others more closely related 
are described under such names as /icophyllum, Sapindopsis, 
Saliciphylium, Quercophyllum, Eucalyptophyllum, etc., while not 
a few living genera are recognized (Torreya, Sequoia, Araucaria, 
Taxodium, Sassafras, Myrica, etc.). The number of pteri- 
dophytes and gymnosperms as compared with the angiosperms 
is about 4 to 1, so that the lower types of vegetation were 
evidently yet in the ascendant. 
The limited number of modern elements contained in this 
and the preceding flora render a comparison with our living 
flora somewhat hazardous so far as any conclusions as to climate 
are concerned, but we may safely say that in their general char- 
acter they indicate tropical or subtropical conditions. 
The strata next succeeding the Triassic in New Jersey con- 
sist of clays, sands, and gravels, which are apparently Middle 
Cretaceous in age. This indicates a later submergence of the 
New Jersey area, when the shore line was approximately where 
we now find the southern edge of the Triassic outcrop to be, 
extending from Woodbridge to Trenton. 
This was evidently a period of quietude and slow subsidence, 
as the deposits are largely clays and fine sands in which im- 
mense quantities of land vegetation are entombed, many of 
the specimens being so delicate that it is difficult to understand 
how they could have been preserved at all, except in very quiet 
or exceedingly sluggish waters. The occurrence of a few marine. 
molluscs indicates that the waters were at times subject to tidal 
influence, but essentially they must have been fresh or perhaps 
brackish. 
This flora has been described by Dr. Newberry,! who recog- 
nized in it 156 species, of which all but about thirty are angio- 
1 The Ase of the Amboy Clays, Monographs of the United States mea 
Survey, vol. xx 
X 
