ft 
No. 386.] FORESTRY AND GEOLOGY. 113 
living genera included in it was actually and relatively greater, 
and the species are of a more modern aspect; but none is 
apparently identical with any now living. 
The ratios between the pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and 
angiosperms were approximately about as we find them to be at 
the present time, and the climatic conditions were apparently 
yet subtropical. 
During the early and middle parts of the next succeeding 
period, the Tertiary, the indications are that while there were 
minor oscillations of level, the previous gradual subsidence con- 
tinued until the shore line had advanced far inland, covering 
the entire region which we know as the coastal plain, and 
causing the sediments to be deposited which we recognize in 
the aggregate as the Yellow Gravel formation. In places this 
is undoubtedly of marine origin, while in others it is apparently 
due to floods of fresh water. At one locality only, in the 
vicinity of Bridgeton, has the flora of this period been found in 
the state. Fortunately the remains there preserved were col- 
lected in abundance and in excellent condition. Probably about 
fifty well-defined species are represented in the collections 
which have been made; all of them angiosperms; many of 
them referable to living species, or so closely identical that it 
is not possible to separate them; some of the latter the same 
as species now growing in the vicinity of Bridgeton (Vex opaca, 
Nyssa aquatica, etc.). 
A comparison between, this fossil flora and the living flora of 
eastern North America indicates a close identity between the 
former and that now in existence somewhat farther south, say 
at about the latitude of Virginia. 
Theoretically this Bridgeton flora should be Pleiocene or late 
1 The study of this flora has not yet set Pn but the preliminary con- 
clusions may be found in the following pa 
Palæobotany of the Yellow Gravel at APSR N.J. Arthur Hollick. Bul. 
seks 4 Bot. Club, vol. xix (1892), pp. 330-333- 
New Species of Leguminous Pods from the Yellow Gravel at Bridgeton, N. J. 
Ibid., vol. xxiii (1896), pp. 46-49. 
A New Fossil Monocotyledon from the Yellow Gravel at Bridgeton, N. J. Zdid., 
vol. xxiv (1897), pp. 329-331. 
n the above papers may also be found references to the work of others in the 
same loca 
