336 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. (VOL: XXXIII. 
genera withdrawn from the Axinellide, a family regarded (Ridley 
and Dendy, Chal. Rep., p. lxii) as transitional between the Halichon- 
drina and Clavulina. These two are Stelligera Gray (Raspailia 
Vosmaer, 1887) and Hemiastrella Carter (Epallax Sollas, 1887). 
The above four families constitute the Euastrosa. 
The family Placospongide includes Placospongia Gray, a by 
Sollas among the Tetractinellida. The family Dendropsidæ includes 
Ridley and Dendy’s genus Dendropsis withdrawn from the Axinellidæ. 
Instead of uniting them in a single family (Spirastrellidæ), after 
the manner of Ridley and Dendy, von Lendenfeld separates the two 
genera Spirastrella and Latrunculia, creating the family Latrunculida 
for the latter. Under the family name of Spirastrellidze he groups 
with Spirastrella two genera (Vioa Nardo and Thoasa Hancock) of 
boring sponges; two genera, Ficulina Gray and Halicnemia Bwk., 
included by Vosmaer and by Ridley and Dendy, under generic 
names Stylocordyla and Polymastia, in the Suberitide ; and Alectona 
Carter, including forms widely separated by Sollas under generic 
names Scolopes (fam. Scolopidz close to Suberitida, Sollas) and 
Amphius (included by Sollas as a Tetractinellid in fam. Epipo- 
lasidz). The above four families constitute the Spirastrosa. 
Under the Suberitide von Lendenfeld groups five genera (Papil- 
lella, Polymastia, Tentorium, Trichostemma, Suberites), included by 
Vosmaer either in the Polymastidz or Suberitide, and by Ridley 
and Dendy in the Suberitide ; and two others, Sollasella Lendf. and 
Suberanthus n.g. The family Stylocordylide is erected by von Len- 
denfeld for a new genus Astromimus, together with Stylocordyla 
Thomson, which he withdraws from the Suberitide, where it is 
placed by Vosmaer and by Ridley and Dendy. The Suberitidz and 
Stylocordylida make up the Anastrosa. 
Von Lendenfeld gives a statement of the phylogenetic views which 
underlie the classification he proposes. Suberites, Spirastrella, Tethya 
have been the productive genera. They with Asteropus have been 
independently derived from Tethyorrhaphis. From Tethya have been 
derived, directly or indirectly, Xenospongia, the Chondrillida, Chon- 
drosidæ, and Stelligeride. From Spirastrella have been derived the 
Placospongide, Latrunculide, Dendropsidz, also directly or indirectly 
the other genera of the Spirastrellida, and the Anastrose genus Papil- 
lella (Suberitidæ). From Suberites have been derived directly, or indi- 
rectly, the other genera of Suberitidæ (except Papillella), and the 
Stylocordylidz. 
The Anastrosa (more particularly Suberitide) are thus conceived 
