442 `: . THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. (VoL. XXXIII. 
interest, and certainly the deep-sea fauna is an excellent subject for 
such speculations, because, as Mr. Dall has so interestingly pointed 
out, the struggle for life on the sea-bottom must in great depths be 
reduced to a minimum, from the vast area at the disposal of any 
species, the practically unlimited supply of food, such as it is, the 
fewness of predatory forms, and the rarity of the sudden vicissitudes 
of land and littoral life ; so that such modifications as do take place 
must be comparatively direct results of the physical environment. 
F. N. BALCH. 
. Zoölogical Results of Dr. Willey’s Expedition. Part II.!— The 
second part of the zoölogical results of Dr. Willey’s expedition to the 
Western Pacific comprises reports on the genus Millepora by Dr. 
Sydney J. Hickson, Echinoderms by F. Jeffrey Bell, Holothurians by 
F. P. Bedford, Sipunculoidæ by A. E. Shipley, Solitary Corals and 
Postembryonic Development of Cycloseris by J. Stanley Gardiner, 
Earthworms by F. E. Beddard, and Gorgonacea by Isa L. Hiles. 
Dr. Hickson ascribes all of the specimens of Millepora to M. 
alicornis, which, he has before pointed out, is the only species- of 
Millepora so far known. The parts of Dr. Hickson’s paper that are 
particularly interesting are those that are devoted to the parasites of 
this coral. In addition to worms and alge, he speaks of “ spots 
scattered over the surface of the coral having the general appearance 
of arash.” He concludes “ that these bodies are clusters or zoögloeæ 
of parasitic bacteria.” Of the thirty-nine species of Echinoderms of 
Professor Bell’s Report, two of which are possibly new, six belong to 
the Crinoids, twelve to the Echinoids, fourteen to the Asteroids, and 
seven to the Ophiurioids. Two new species of Holothurians are 
described by Mr. Bedford among the twenty-four in the collection. 
Mr. Bedford calls attention to some interesting variations in two 
species, in the number of stone canals, polian vesicles, and cuverian 
organs. Mr. Shipley’s account of the Sipunculoidea enumerates 
twenty-three species, none of which are new. Probably the most 
important contributions to systematic zodlogy in the series are the 
papers of Mr, Gardiner and Miss Hiles, and Mr. Beddard’s: report 
on the earthworms. Mr. Gardiner describes eleven new species of 
solitary corals among fourteen, and Miss Hiles four new forms of 
1 Willey, Arthur, D.Sc., etc. Zoological Results based on Material from New 
Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands, and Elsewhere, collected during the years 
1895, 1896, and Sea Part II. Cambridge, the University Press (1899), pp. 121- 
206, Pls. XII-XXIII 
