No. 389.] REVIEWS OF RECENT LITERATURE. 443 
Gorgonacea in ten. Three of the nine earthworms in “Mr. Beddard’s 
-account are new. The photogravure illustrating Mr. Gardiner’s 
paper is one of the best we have seen in the application of photog- 
raphy to zodlogical illustration. 
A striking feature in this second part of the results of Dr. Willey’s 
expedition is, that of the 127 species embraced in the different 
reports only eighteen are new, and about go per cent of these are 
Anthozoa from comparatively deep water. This is explained by the 
fact that Dr. Willey was the first to undertake systematic dredging in 
the Western Pacific. For the high character of the typography and 
mechanical execution of the book, it is only necessary to say that it 
bears the imprint of the University Press. 
The Distribution of the Perissodactyla, Lamnungia, and Artio- 
dactyla. — Carl Grevé' has published a new number of his series of 
zoogeographical monographs, treating of the distribution of the Peris- 
sodactyla (horses, rhinoceroses, tapirs), Lamnungia (Hyrax), and Artio- 
dactyla zon ruminantia (Hippopotamus, Sus, and their allies), In 
its general plan this part follows closely the former publications of 
the same author,” and gives a very elaborate report on the distribution 
_of the groups named in the title. 
The chief value of this memoir consists in the detailed account of 
the single localities from which each species has been recorded, and 
in the summing up of the results for the species, genera, and families 
in tabular form, accompanied by colored distributional maps for the 
genera and species. ‘Thus the author has fixed the actual distribu- 
tion of each species, and his work will always be of much use to any 
subsequent writer, for it gives the facts of geographical distribution 
pure and simple. 
Evidently the author did not intend to give anything else than 
facts. However, zoégeography is not satisfied with the mere estab- 
lishment of facts, but wants explanations; and these identical groups 
have been the subject of discussion before. We know that in former 
times, during the Tertiary period, the distribution of every single one 
of the above groups of mammals was very different from the present, 
and on the other hand we know that in many cases these old condi- 
tions may explain the present ones. Mr. Carl Grevé does not try to 
enter into any details in this:respect ; indeed, he gives on the head of 
each group a general review of our knowledge of its paleontology, 
1 Abhandl. Kais. Leop.Carol. Akad. Naturf., Bd. Ixx, Nr. 5, 1898. 
2 Carnivora and Pinnipedia, idid., Bd. lxiii, p. 1, and Bd. lxvi, p. 4. 
