610 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST.  [VoL. XXXIII. 
discover the true character of kitchen-middens. ‘Fifty years ago it 
was an audacity to believe in men so very ancient as these oyster- 
eaters. Now we only think of their audacity in eating so many 
oysters.” 
The Smithsonian Report for 1897 contains an account of the archæ- 
ological field work of Dr. Fewkes for that year. The primary aim of 
his explorations was to trace the migrations of the Hopi from the 
South, and to determine the limits of the Hopi and Zuni zones of 
ruins in Arizona and New Mexico, respectively. The greater part 
of the summer was spent in the Pueblo Viejo region; from the iden- 
tity in color, texture, and decoration of the pottery in upper and lower 
Gila ruins, and the fact that in both regions the people cremated their 
dead, Dr. Fewkes concludes that the former inhabitants were of a 
similar state of culture, if not of the same stock. The distribution of 
the varieties of pottery is shown by maps, and its form and decoration 
by numerous plates. 
During the excavations made at Brassempouy in 1897, by MM. E. 
Piette and J. de La Porterie, a number of interesting examples of 
prehistoric art were discovered. Especially noteworthy among these 
were the engravings representing the horse and other animals. To 
the reprint from the original-paper in Z Anthropologie, Vol. IX, pp. 
531-555, is appended a list of the numerous scientific papers by 
M. Piette, which extend over a period of nearly half a century. 
In an entertaining paper upon the Indian Congress at Omaha, pub- 
lished in the American Anthropologist for January, 1899, Mr. James 
Mooney has condensed much valuable information regarding the 
present status of the Indians. About twenty tribes were represented 
at the Congress, mostly of the plains type; these are briefly described, 
and a table containing a few words from their languages is added. 
A number of articles of anthropological interest are to be found 
in Vol. XII, Part III, of the Proceedings of the American Antiquarian 
Society. Edward E. Hale describes the manuscript dictionaries of 
the Massachusetts Indians which were bequeathed to the society by 
Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull. These have been placed in the hands 
of Albert S. Gatschet for publication by the Bureau of Ethnology. 
G. Stanley Hall gives an account of “ Initiations into Adolescence,” 
particularly church initiations. 
_ G. Papillault has published a valuable paper upon the “ Ontogeny 
and Phylogeny of the Human Cranium” in Vol. IX, No. 4, of the 
Revue del’ Ecole d’ Anthropologie de Paris. 
