644 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. (VoL. XXXIII. 
where, at Louisville, in 1835, he took a medical degree. In 
1886 the University of North Carolina honored him and itself 
by conferring on him the degree of Doctor of Laws. 
Soon after settling in Florida, Dr. Chapman made the 
acquaintance of Stephen Croom, at that time an active student 
of botany, —for whom the genus Croomia was named, — who 
interested him in the work to which the greater part of his life 
was to be devoted. i 
Though he had removed to the South with the intention of 
making it his home, had married a southern lady, and had 
resided in the South for a quarter of a century, Dr. Chapman 
was loyal to the Federal Government when the Civil War came ; 
and though he refused to leave his chosen home, he did not lead 
a happy life during the continuance of the war. After its con- 
clusion he occupied for a time several municipal and Federal 
offices in Apalachicola, but the later part of his life was passed 
in the quiet pursuit of the science to which he was devoted. 
In 1860 appeared the first edition of his Flora of the Southern 
United States, concerning which it is said that his friend of 
many years, Professor Asa Gray, saved the plates from destruc- 
tion during the troublous times of the war then beginning. A 
supplement, containing such corrections and additions as had 
come to his knowledge, was published in 1883. Subsequently 
(in 1897), as the result of continuous application, a considerably 
enlarged and entirely revised edition was issued. 
Dr. Chapman’s original herbarium, which may be considered 
as the most typical representation of the material on which his 
Flora rested, was many years ago added to the collections at 
Columbia University. Some years since a second herbarium, 
which had served as the basis of his revisions, was acquired by 
the Biltmore establishment, which also purchased the principal 
part of his library. 
On the completion of the revised edition of the Flora, and 
under the burden of more than fourscore years, it might be 
thought that Dr. Chapman would have abandoned active botan- 
ical work. Not so, however. Each season saw him eagerly in 
the field looking for new facts and gathering new species. Not 
many years since, to further the work of a much younger man, 
