656 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. . (VoL. XXXIII. 
Sandusky, Ohio, experienced the gale and rainstorm without 
thunder. The wind there attained a velocity of fifty miles an 
hour. | 
The observer at Cleveland reported brisk variable winds 
veering from northwest to east, with storm velocities from 6.55 
to 7.25 P.M. 
The thermometer had risen to 79.2° F. at Port Stanley, 
Ontario. The direction of the wind from I A.m. to noon of 
the 19th had been east and southeast ; from noon to midnight 
the direction was northeast. During the earlier part of the 
day the velocity of the wind had ranged from ten to seventeen 
miles per hour, but in the afternoon the velocity gradually 
diminished, until at 7 p.m. it was but four miles an hour. 
After the passage of the thunderstorm, which must have 
occurred here shortly after 7 P.M., the wind velocity suddenly 
increased to fifteen miles an hour, dropping back, however, to 
three miles an hour by ọ p.m. and continuing gentle the rest of 
the night. The thunderstorm reached Port Dover at 7.30 P.M., 
and there also caused fresh north and west winds. 
The meteorological observer at Erie gives the following 
report for the day: “ Very warm and depressing all day, 
squally at night. A tidal wave six feet high moved from the 
northwest at 9 p.m. The wind jumped from seven to twenty- 
four per hour, was severe, but no damage reported.” 
The observer at Buffalo says: “Generally fair in daytime, 
with some threatening conditions in morning, and in the even- 
ing rain fell shortly after the 8 o'clock observation, continuing 
showery during the balance of the evening; warm and sultry, 
with light variable winds. Distant thunder in the southeast.” 
At Welland, Ontario, the day was partly clear; the highest 
temperature was 91° F. The thunderstorm occurred there at 
8 p.m. Niagara experienced much the same kind of weather 
as Welland, except that the temperature was somewhat lower 
and the precipitation not nearly so great, 
Ordinary lake waves, as is well known, are due to the action 
of the wind. The friction of the wind on the surface of the 
water causes undulations in the water which travel in the same 
direction as the wind. After the wind which caused the waves 
- 
