No. 393:] REVIEWS OF RECENT LITERATURE. 739 
The terminology of the Æthnology is retained and the main divi- 
sions are designated “ Ethiopic, Mongolic, American, and Caucasic.” 
The Ethiopic division is considered in two groups — the African and 
Oceanic Negroes ; the former includes the Sudanese and the Bantu- 
Negrito-Buschman-Hottentot tribes. The Oceanic Negroes are divided 
into sections — the Papuans, Australians, Tasmanians, and Negritoes. 
The Mongolic Branch is divided into the Southern, Oceanic, and 
Northern Mongols. The Americans are treated as a single race, 
fairly uniform in physical characters and mental traits, not indigenous 
in the absolute sense, since the human race is supposed to have 
originated in the Indo-Malaysian region, but resident in the New 
World since glacial times at least. Some attempt is made at sub- 
dividing the physical type into two groups—a dolichocephalic and 
a brachycephalic, the former including the Eskimos, Botocudos, 
and some others, the latter embracing the majority of the American 
aborigines, though the mean index is mesaticephalic (79). The long- 
headed division is derived from Proto-Europeans, the other division 
from Proto-Asiatics. The evidence adduced in the £¢hno/ogy in 
support of the belief that American culture has developed independ- 
ently is restated with some additions. 
The Eskimos are said to have ranged as far south as Massachusetts 
upon the evidence furnished by the Norse account. This describes 
the natives as “of small size, dark color, and broad features, using 
skin canoes (Audh-keipr) and harpoons unknown to the other natives, 
and eating a mixture of marrow and blood and what looked like raw 
meat.” We grant that the Eskimos are shorter in stature, but they 
are not dark in color; on the contrary, they are very much lighter 
than the Indians. Their features are not so broad as those of the 
New England Indians; neither in bi-zygomatic, bi-maxillary, bi-jugal, 
nasal, or any other cranial breadth are they equal to the Algonquins. 
If the Eskimos in the time of Eric the Red indulged in raw flesh, 
marrow, and blood to any greater extent than did the Indians, there 
is absolutely no evidence to show that their descendants have done 
so. The grouping of all the long-headed Eskimos and Indians 
together (deriving them from a common European source) conven- 
iently disposes of a perplexing problem, but with seemingly insuffi- 
cient evidence. 
The several Indian linguistic stocks are briefly described and the 
course of their migrations given so far as known. We note that the 
distribution of the Crees should be extended at least rooo miles 
northwestward from the limits given by Keane. He criticises the 
