No. 394:] REVIEWS OF RECENT LITERATURE. 829 
unless we restrict its ingress.” The remarks upon the habits of life 
among the Jews that conduce toward longevity are suggestive. The 
Jews of New York, engaged in one of the most deadly occupations 
known, live nearly twice as long as their American neighbors, even 
those engaged in out-door labor. Our author’s final conclusion is 
rather startling: “It is paradoxical, yet true, we affirm. The Jews 
are not a race, but only a people, after all.” ‘No purity of descent 
is to be supposed for an instant.” However, the table of observa- 
tions on the cephalic index would seem to establish clearly the 
purity of the race and disprove his conclusion. 
The political and anthropological problems centering in the 
Orient are set forth in two chapters dealing with the several racial 
groups found there, most of whom are not, strictly speaking, mem- 
bers of the three European races. Regarding the physical origin of 
the European races Professor Ripley concludes that as a whole they 
are intermediate between the Asiatics and Negroes ; that the earli- 
est population of Europe was dark and dolichocephalic, probably 
represented by the Mediterranean race of to-day; that the Teutonic 
race is a variety of the aboriginal, long-headed people which has ac- 
quired its distinctive tall stature and blondness from the effects of 
environment and artificial selection; that the Alpine type having 
Asiatic affinities overran Europe because of its superior culture, but 
that in time the Teutonic race reasserted itself and the constant 
tendency in recent times has been to push back the Alpine type into 
the “areas of isolation.” From the data furnished by prehistoric 
archeology Professor Ripley summarizes as follows: During the 
later Stone Age an entirely indigenous culture was evolved in west- 
ern and southern Europe; it was characterized by great technical 
advance in ornamentation, by construction of dolmens, by pottery- 
making, “and possibly even by a primitive system of writing.” 
Throughout the Alpine highlands the higher Hallstatt culture, ex- 
hibiting Oriental affinities, appeared a thousand years or more befote 
the Christian era. ‘This prehistoric civilization represents a tran- 
sitional stage between bronze and iron.” This culture roughly over- 
lies the area occupied by the Alpine type. Progress is discernible, 
so that much of this culture was developed on the spot, that is, it was 
of European origin. The prehistoric Italian culture was due to the 
‘union of two cultures, the Hallstatt and one coming from the south- 
east, by sea, being distinctly Mediterranean. Throughout the pre- 
historic period the northwestern corner of Europe was characterized 
by backwardness in culture. 
