43 
fermenting—which some German writer has called the rotting 
process—that kills the seeds and develops the colour which the 
nibs show when the seeds or beans are sliced lengthways. The 
colour should be chocolate brown and perfectly even. Badly 
fermented beans show the cotyledons greenish or bluish in part. 
If the seeds are not fermented, they will sprout in the sacks 
and destroy everything. It seems that the southern growers 
only think about getting the vitality "erui while the 
* Arriba " planters take very great care while doing 
4. The harvest is over with the end of July, but hat is only 
the main crop. All the year round the gathering of the fruits 
goes on, but only the top price is pure! attained for the main 
erop. Then * Arriba" is $2 to $3 above —— and Machala, and 
not only el (equal 25d.), as now, between the three sorts. "A 
September last Cacao Arriba stood at $29. Balao at $28, an 
Machala at $27 per — of 100 Mean: (equal 1015 Erelich 
pounds about). (In this land of the metre, Spanis 8. anc 
English two-foot i X Spanish ee are really in use, the 
yard being “ una rara.' ) 
9. Just below the foot of the western slopes of the Western 
Cordilleras of Los Andes, the Cacao grows wild in dense bush. 
Monkeys are known to have enlarged such natural gathering 
grounds or formed new ones god them. The tree is inclined to 
grow with many stems, but to be productive the stems are here 
reduced to two or three. When planted they must have some 
shade trees or bananas among them, but otherwise they are left 
to themselves, except as to cutting out stems, In Trinidad (ex- 
porting about half against Ecuador) the trees are topped and kept 
low and wide apart. 
6. There is no doubt the whole Guayaquil crop of red Caca 
comes from one species, and this is the same that is zn u 
and there planted in Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. In 
(North Ecuador) a is at least one other variety, w mild vum or 
nearly roundish fruits, but I have never succeeded in getting 
specimens. "The beans are sold with those of the common n 
The drawing of leaf and flowers and fruits in Treasury of Botany 
exactly represents the Ecuadorean or Guayaquil ee (but 
the bean is ov: 
. sample of * Machala ” Cacao forwarded is so good in 
quality that i it irri comes up to “ Arriba," which also proves 
that it originates from the same tree. Fine “ Arriba” is nearly 
bright red. Ge ge * Machala C and inferior * Arriba" dark 
brown to very dark umber. (The beans are finally dried here on 
the streets or quays along the river 
The Cacao ws only succ ecessfully on certain stretches of the 
immense delta of the River Guayas and the more southern rivers. 
It requires an alluvial yellow loam as a subsoil, as far as I can see. 
here grass will grow Cacao will not be a success. It is a forest 
tree from the si (but not generally flooded) borders of great 
rivers under the tropics. Eho plantations on the Cacao estates 
are in larger or smaller patc 
The * Arriba" Cacao rs mostly from the province “ Los 
Rios,” Guayaquil being in the Province * Guayas," and Los Rios 
being the delta higher up, “before the main river Guayas i is formed, 
3282 : B 2 
