NOTES QN FLYING-MACHINES. 43 
strain on the midrib and a bending strain on the connecting-rod ; 
, if the vote of the plane is rectangular and the midrib 
is shifted to the forward edge of the rectangular web, the tor- 
sional strain on a gna tapering midrib will twist the web 
into a portion of the surface connecting two straight lines on 
two parallel planes, the two straight lines not being parallel 
one of the crossbars is left 8 ojecting forward to act as a strut to 
the guys that tauten the we 
towed boat. Now, if the body plane is made so large that v9 motion 
towards and from the wing plane is very small, it willn 
care to get the pressure on both sides alternately, and if this j is not 
done the machine will act the same as the flat object. 
The machine is more easily adjusted by ges the body plane 
in two parts, and much longer than it is wide. 
sk off the tail makes a machine that flies ve a into one. that 
flies horizontally or upwards, and a piece cut off the head makes 
one that flies laboriously upwards into one that flies rapidly hori- 
zontally. If the area of the body plane is ercckeee into an equal 
Sinipact figure, the machine will sometimes turn head over heels. 
—— of these short-tailed ones will palais do so if they don’t _ 
