The Ringal of the North-western Himalaya ; 
By Dr. Branpis, F.R.S., late Director of ona aed. «cn 
of British India. Communicated by Baron Ferd. von Miiller, 
K.C.M.G., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S. &c., Genk  Bobatiiat, Victoria. 
(Notes on two species of Arundinaria suitable for cultivation in 
New South Wales.) 
[Read before the Royal Soviety of N.S. W., 7 October, 1885.] 
Two species of bamboo are known from the higher mountains of 
the North-western Himalaya: Arundinaria falcata, Nees ee 
in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXVI, 26), and Arundinaria sp on 
Trinius, described by Munro under the name of Thamudentivaiiia 
co sae 
Arundinaria falcata is a small bush, not much over 6 feet high, 
growing at moist places in the valleys of the outer North-west 
Himalaya. I have found it in Kell, in the basin of the Bias- 
River, on tributaries of the Sutlej-River, and in the valleys of 
Jaunsar, leading to the Tons and Juvara-Rivers. I have never 
seen it at a higher level than 7,000 feet. The stems are thin and 
mats, eee is A. spathiflora, arger speci es, “whic 
grows from 8,000 to 10,000 feet. This is the kind commonly 
known as Ringal, Nagal or Ningal the for of Ce 
covering large areas on the ranges between the Rais and Bias, 
Bias and Sutlej, Sutlej] and Tons, and Tons and Jumna Rivers. 
This bamboo also forms forests of its own, with a few scattered 
trees. Sucha forest, consisting chiefly of Arundina Ae iflora, 
I found in October, 1874, on the south side of the ar-Kanta 
Peak of the Tiri State, in a moist valley, on sana wai and 
here the stems had attained 30 feet. 
th species have a wide distribution, but as far as is known 
they are limited to the outer ranges with a moist climate. They 
have not been ohne that the drier districts beyond the a 
Ranges. According to Munro, A. falcata extends from 
—— again found on the Khasia Hills, Ab to elews 
