THE OCEAN AND ITS WORK 



215 



Fig. 205. — A raised beach showing the coarse bowlders of the old beach and 

 the ancient sea cliff. (Photo. F. B. Sayre.) 



California well-marked marine terraces are found 1500 feet above sea 

 level. On the coasts of South America and elsewhere the recent 

 elevation of the land is also proved by their presence. 



Ancient Plains of Marine Denudation. — In Labrador and Cali- 

 fornia ancient marine terraces are well marked. The ancient plain 

 of marine denudation on the east coast of India is an unusually 

 fine example of such 

 a plain which has re- 

 sulted from the long- 

 continued action of 

 the waves. The two 

 striking features (Fig. 

 207) of the plain are 

 (1) the evenness of 

 the surface and (2) 

 the steep-sided hills, 

 the former islands, 

 which rise above it. 

 As the ancient shore 

 is approached, the 

 outliers (p. 106) (ancient islands) are more numerous ; those which 

 are near the old shore are tied to it by old sand and pebble bars. 

 Moreover, sea caves (Fig. 208) are not uncommon in the ancient 

 sea cliffs. Seaward of the marine plain is the coastal plain in which 

 cuestas (p. 225) have been developed. 



Fig. 206. — A plain of marine erosion with ancient 

 islands, east coast of India. (Photo. S. W. Cushing.) 



