INDEX 



703 



Foraminifera — (Continued) 



Tertiary, 626. 

 Forbes, J. D., 155, 189. 

 Fordilla, 433. 

 Fore-set beds, 131. 

 Fort Union stage, 519, 571, 576, 635. 

 "Fossil" ore, 442. 

 Fossils, formation of, 377. 



indicators of chronology, 381. 

 of physical conditions, 382. 



preservation of, 378. 

 Fragmental volcanic rocks, 296-298, 332- 



334- 

 Frankfort stage, 422. 

 Frost, effect on disintegration of rocks, 27, 



28. 

 Fulgurites, 34. 

 Fumaroles, 295. 

 Fuson formation, 515. 

 Fusulina, 480, 482. 

 Fusulina secalica, 482. 



Gabbro, 330. 

 Gailenreuth Cavern, 664. 

 Galenite, 689. 

 Galleries of caves, 71. 

 Galoon-goon, 322. 

 Ganges delta, 131. 

 Gangue, 370. 

 Ganodonta, 621. 

 Ganoids, Devonian, 465. 



Mesozoic, 535. 

 Garnet, 691. 

 Garwood, E. J., 410. 

 Gas, see Oil and Gas. 

 Gaseous interior of earth, theory of, 



274. 

 Gastornis, 623. 

 Gastropods, Cambrian, 413. 



Carboniferous, 481, 482. 



Devonian, 457, 459. 



Mesozoic, 528. 



Ordovician, 433-434. 



Silurian, 447-448. 



Tertiary, 626-627. 

 Geikie, A., 34, 44, 83, 170. 

 Geikie, J., 77. 

 Genesee stage, 452. 

 Geodes, 78. 

 Geological chronology, 381. 



time, divisions of, 383, 384. 

 length of, 22, 377. 



CLELAND GEOL. 4"> 



Geology, definition of, 21. 



divisions of, 21-22. 



present status of, 22. 

 Geosyncline, 359. 



of Sierra Nevada Mountains, 513. 

 Geyserite, 6j. 

 Geysers, 67-68, 323. 

 Gibraltar, a tied island, 223. 

 Gidley,J. W., 611. 

 Gilbert, G. K., 276. 

 Ginkgo, 567. 

 Glacial abrasion, 157. 



bowlders, 155, 171. 



debris, amount and varied character of, 



155- 

 deposition, effect on topography, 172- 



175- 

 erosion, operation of, 157-159. 

 rate of, 159. 



topography modified by, 163-167. 

 formations, Permian, 476-477, 505. 



Proterozoic, 398. 

 lakes, Lake Agassiz, 656. 

 Lake Algonquin, 653. 

 Bascom, 656. 

 Bonneville, 657. 

 Chicago, 653. 

 Duluth, 653. 

 Iroquois, 655. 

 Lahonton, 657. 

 Lundy, 653. 

 Maumee, 653. 

 Nipissing, 655. 

 Warren, 653. 

 movement, 150-154. 

 differential, 151. 

 rate of, 150, 152. 

 theories of, 1 89-191. 

 planation, 183. 

 streams, 150. 

 water of, 159. 

 work of, 161-163. 

 striation, 183. 

 transfer of load, 156. 

 Glaciated areas, 645-647. 

 pebbles, 158. 



valleys, characteristics of, 163. 

 disappearance of, 165. 

 Glaciation, ancient, 171-188. 

 Permian, 476-477, 505. 

 Proterozoic, 398. 

 causes of, 660-662. 

 theories of, astronomical, 660-66*. 



