INDEX 



707 



Laplacian hypothesis, 385. 

 Laramie formation, 517, 518, 624. 

 Lassen Peak, California, 318. 

 Lateral erosion by streams, 89. 

 Lateral moraines, 154, 155, 156. 

 Lateral pressure, 359, 364. 

 Laurentian peneplain, 117. 

 Laurentian period, 390, 393. 

 Laurentian shield, 117, 118, 389. 

 Lava, 298. 



columnar structure of, 333-334. 



composition of, 300-302. 



crystallization of, 302. 



extrusion of, 365. 



fluidity of, 299. 



rise of, 338. 



temperature of, 299. 

 Lava cones, 310, 312. 

 Lava dam and waterfall, 93. 

 Lava sheets, 311. 

 Lava streams, 309. 



flow of, 298. 



surface of, 299. 



velocity of, 300. 

 Lead minerals, 689. 

 Lee side, 158, 183. 

 Lege, dunes of, 49. 

 Leith, C. K., 281, 349. 

 Leperditia inflata, 435. 

 Lepidodendron, 493-494, 497. 

 Lepidodiscus (Agelacrinus) cincinnatiensis, 



430. 

 Leptaena rhomboidalis, 432. 

 Leptomeryx, 618. 

 Levees, natural, 123. 

 Leverett, F., 653. 

 Lichas (Gaspelichas) forillonia (cephalon), 



460. 

 Lichenalia concentrica, 447. 

 Life, before fossils, 398. 



imperfection of record of, 380. 

 Lifting, 84. 



Lightning, mechanical work of, 34. 

 Limestone, 249. 



deposition of, 238. 



oolitic, 77. 

 Limnoscelis, 486. 

 Limonite, 134, 375, 686. 

 Limulus, 449. 

 Lingula brevirostra, 526. 

 Lingula rectilateralis, 432. 

 Lingulepis acuminata, 414. 

 Liquid-thread theory of volcanism, 336. 



Lithodomus, 229, 230, 



Lithostrotion canadense, 480. 



Litopterna, 641. 



Littoral currents, see Shore currents. 



Littoral deposits, 219. 



Load, effect of, 86. 



Load of streams, how measured, 118. 



Lockport stage, 439. 



Lodes, 370. 



Loess, 43, 52-54, 588, 657-658. 



Loops, 221. 



Lophophyllum profundum, 480. 



Lophospira bicincta, 434. 



Lowville, stage, 422. 



Loxonema noe, 459. 



Lucas, F. A., 533. 



Lungfish, 464-465. 



Lycopods, 493-495. 



Lyell, Sir Charles, 303. 



Lyginodendron, 493. 



Lysorphus, 488. 



Lytoceras fimbriatum, 529. 



Machairodus, 672. 

 Madura, 664. 

 Macluria logani, 434. 

 Macrura, 532. 

 Magmatic segregation, 374. 

 Magmatic waters and ore deposits, 372. 

 Magnetite, 686. 

 Malachite, 688. 

 Malaspina Glacier, 167, 168. 

 Mammals, factors in evolution of, 600- 

 603. 



marine, 595-597- 



Mesozoic, 563-565. 



rise of, 590. 



Tertiary, 590-623. 

 Mammoths, 668. 

 Man, antiquity of, 674-680. 



birthplace of, 681-682. 



effect of advent, 682-683. 



Eolithic, 675-676. 



in North America, 680-681. 



Neolithic, 679-680. 



Paleolithic, 676-678. 

 Manticoceras oxy, 459. 

 Mantle rock, 41, 42. 

 Marattiaceae, 492. 

 Marble, 344. 



Marblehead, Mass., marine erosion at, 

 206. 



