xxviii INTRODUCTION 



n. Flowers usually regular; leaves Boraginaceae 118 

 mostly alternate 

 z. Ovary 3-5-celled 



m. Stems green, leafy 



(m) Stems trailing or climbing Convolvulaceae 



108 

 (n) Stems not trailing or climbing Polemoniaceae 103 

 n. Stems not green, the leaves re- 

 duced to scales Monotropaceae 82 

 [2) Ovary inferior 



(a) Woody plants 



x. Stamens 5 Caprifoliaceae 237 



y. Stamens 8-10 Vacciniaceae 87 



(b) Herbs 



x. Stamens 3 



(x) Stems erect; fruit with a feathery 



pappus Valerianaceae 243 



(y) Stems trailing or climbing; fruit 



fleshy CUCURBITACEAE 210 



y. Stamens 4-5 



(x) Sap milky as a rule; herbs with 



large flowers Campanulaceae 



241 



(y) Sap not milky 

 m. Shrubs Caprifoliaceae 237 



n. Herbs' Rubiaceae 237 



z. Stamens 8-12 Adoxaceae 241 



II. Petals absent 



1. Sepals present, rarely very minute 

 a. Woody plants 



(1) Vines; petals falling quickly Vitaceae 211 



(2) Shrubs or trees 



(a) Flowers in catkins, at least the staminate Fagaceae 221 



(b) Flowers not in catkins 



x. Style 1 ; stigma 1 or slightly 2-cleft 



(x) Trees with compound leaves Oleaceae 99 



(y) Shrubs with simple leaves 

 m. Leaves silvery-scurfy ELAEAGNACEAE 213 



n. Leaves green Rosaceae 150 



y. Styles or long sessile stigmas 2 



