BIRCH FAMILY 221 



each bract, with 2-4 bractlets, woody in fruit ; leaves alternate doubly 



toothed ; trees or shrubs. 



Trunks 10-30 ft. high ; leaves ovate-oblong, 2-4 in. 



long; catkins 8-12 mm. long A. tenuifolia 



Betula Linne 1753 Birch 



(Lat. betula, birch-tree) 



PI. 34, fig. 6-7. 



Sepals of the stamen flowers 4, united, of the pistil flowers none, sta- 

 mens 2 ; stamen-flowers usually 3 in the axil of each bract, with 2 bractlets, 

 pistil flowers usually 2-3 in the axil of 3-lobed or entire bracts ; fruit a 

 winged nut ; leaves alternate, toothed or lobed ; shrubs or trees. 



1. Bark white or gray; trees B. papyri f era 



2. Bark dark brown or greenish brown; shrubs 



a. Stems 5-20 ft. high ; leaves ovate, 3-6 cm. long ; 



catkins 2-3 cm. long B. fontindlis 



b. Stems 1-8 ft. high; leaves cuneate to obovate, 



1-2.5 cm. long; catkins 1-2 cm. long B. glandulosa 



Corylus Linne 1753 Hazel-nut 



(Gr. korys, helmet, probably from the involucre) 



PL 34, fig. 9. 



Sepals of the stamen flowers none, of the pistil flowers 4-5, petals none, 

 stamens 4; stamen flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, with 2 bractlets, 

 pistil flowers solitary in the axil of a bract, with 2 bractlets enlarging in 

 fruit and forming a leaf-like involucre about the nut ; leaves alternate, 

 toothed ; shrubs. 

 Stems 1-6 ft. high; leaves ovate, 2.5-4 in. long; nut 



ovoid, 1-1.5 mm. high C. rostrdta 



FAGACEAE BEECH FAMILY 



Sepals 4-8, united, petals none, stamens 4-20, ovary 3-7-celled, fruit 

 a 1-seeded nut; flowers monoecious, staminate in catkins, pistillate solitary 

 or clustered ; leaves alternate, simple, entire to lobed ; trees or shrubs. 



Quercus Linne 1753 Oak 



(Lat. quercus, oak) 



PI. 34, fig. 10-12. 



Sepals of the stamen flowers usually 6, united, of the pistil flowers 

 completely united into a tube, petals none, stamens 6-12, ovary 3-celled, 



