BRAUNERIA— CARDUUS 263 



( 1 ) Leaf-segments linear ; achenes 2-awned B. tenuisecta 



(2) Leaf-segments triangular to oblong; 



achenes 3-4-awned B. bi pinna to 



Brauneria Necker 1790 

 (Named for Branner, a German botanist) 



Heads with pink to rose-purple neutral rays, disk-flowers perfect, 

 brown, achenes 4-sided, pappus a crown of teeth ; receptacle conic, with 

 stiff pointed chaff, involucre hemispheric, the bracts imbricated in 2-4 rows ; 

 heads solitary on long stalks ; leaves alternate or opposite, entire or 

 toothed ; perennial. 

 Stems bristly, 1-3 ft. high; leaves lanceolate, 3-8 in. 



long; rays 10-20, 1-2.5 in. long B. pallida 



Carduus Linne 1753 Thistle 



(The Latin name of the thistle) 



PL 37, fig. 6. 



Pleads without rays, rarely dioecious, disk-flowers with long, deeply- 

 cleft corolla tube, perfect as a rule, achenes oblong to obovate, flattened or 

 4-angled, pappus of several rows of hair-like bristles ; receptacle flat or 

 convex, bristly, involucre ovoid to globose, the bracts usually imbricated in 

 many rows and spiny-tipped ; heads large, solitary or clustered ; leaves 

 alternate or basal, toothed to pinnatifid, usually spiny; biennial or perennial. 

 1. Heads 1.5-3 in. high, perfect 



a. All the bracts, or at least the inner ones, with 



broadened fringed tips ; flowers yellow or 

 yellowish 



( 1 ) All the bracts with broadened fringed tips, 



not cobwebby, the spines short or none ; 



leaves green above, white-felted below C. americ&nns 



(2) Inner bracts with broadened fringed tips, 



outer with spines -5-10 mm. long 



(a) Leaves green and smooth when mature. 



oblong-ovate ; bracts cobwebby C. Parry i 



(b) Leaves green and hairy or white below. 



long and narrow; bracts not cobwebby C. Drummondii 



b. None of the bracts with broadened fringed 



tips ; white, yellow or purple 

 (1) Bracts without a sticky ridge or line on the 

 back 



