274 ASTER FAMILY 



(1) Spines of the involucre usually hooked; 



racemes of staminate heads usually pan- 



icled F. tenuifdlia 



(2) Spines not hooked; raceme of staminate 



heads usually solitary F. tomentosa 



Gaillardia Fougeroux 1786 Gaillardia 



(Named for Gaillard de Marentonneau, a French botanist) 



PL 40, fig. 3. 



Heads with yellow, orange or purple neutral, rarely pistillate ray-flow- 

 ers, disk-flowers orange to purplish, perfect, achenes top-shaped, 5-ribbed, 

 usually densely woolly, pappus of 5-12 awned scales; receptacle convex 

 to globose, usually bristly, involucre low hemispheric, bracts imbricated 

 in 2-3 rows with spreading or reflexed tips ; heads solitary on long stalks ; 

 leaves alternate or basal, entire to pinnatifid; annual or perennial. 



1. Lobes of the disk-flowers pointed, often tipped 



with a tooth, with long beaded hairs on the out- 

 side G. aristdta 



2. Lobes of the disk-flowers short, broad and ob- 



tuse, without beaded hairs G. pinnatifida 



Gnaphalium Linne 1753 Everlasting 

 (Gr. gnaphalion, name of a woolly plant) 



Heads without ray-flowers, pistillate flowers in several rows, central 

 flowers perfect, achenes oblong to obovate, round or flattened, pappus of 

 hair-like bristles ; receptacle flat to conic, without chaff, involucre oblong 

 to bell-shaped, the bracts imbricated in several rows, usually papery and 

 woolly ; heads in racemes, corymbed spikes or dense clusters ; leaves alter- 

 nate, mostly entire ; annual or perennial. 



1. Heads with leafy bracts; involucres more or less 



woolly all over ; stems simple or branched ; 



leaves variously woolly G. palustre 



2. Heads without leafy bracts ; involucre woolly only 



at base 



a. Leaves woolly on both surfaces 



(1) Leaf-bases running down the stem G.chilense 



(2) Leaf-bases not running down the stem G. Wrightii 



b. Leaves green above, sticky-hairy, running down G. decurrens 



the stem 



