PINE FAMILY 365 



pointed bract ; fruiting cones oblong to cylindric, the scales falling away 

 from the spine-like axis ; leaves flat, linear, scattered, single, spreading and 

 appearing 2-ranked ; evergreen trees. 



1. Cones 7-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide; leaves 3.5-6 



cm. long, widely spreading A. concolor 



2. Cones 5-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide; leaves 2-3.5 



cm. long, usually somewhat crowded A. lasiocdrpa 



Juniperus Linne 1753 Juniper, Cedar 



(Lat. form of the Celtic name) 



PL 47, fig. 11, 12. 



Staminate cones oblong or ovoid, pistillate cones with the few scales 

 opposite or rarely in 3's, fleshy, usually with a single ovule on each scale, 

 fruiting cones roundish, berry-like, with 1-6 seeds ; leaves sessile or whorled, 

 awl-shaped or scale-like, usually of 2 kinds ; flowers dioecious or sometimes 

 monoecious ; evergreen trees or shrubs. 



1. Trees or tree-like, 10-40 ft. high 



a. Berry 1-seeded, 8-10 mm. wide 



(1) Berry with juicy, resinous flesh, 5-7 mm. 



wide /. monosperma 



(2) Berry with dry, fibrous sweet flesh, 3-6 



mm. long /. utahensis 



b. Berry 2-4-seeded, 4-5 mm. wide /. scopulorum 



2. Low shrubs, 1-5 ft. high, as a rule, forming dense 



patches 



a. Leaves all awl-shaped, prickly-pointed, 1-2 cm. 



long J. communis 



b. Most of the leaves scale-like, appressed, in 4 



rows /. sabina 



Picea Link 1827 Spruce 



(The Latin name, perhaps from pix, pitch) 



PL 47, fig. 6, 7. 



Staminate cones axillary, pistillate cones terminal, ovoid to oblong, 

 ovules 2 on each scale, seeds winged, cones ovoid to oblong, hanging, the 

 scales papery, persistent; leaves linear, 4-angled, scattered, single, on short 

 bases ; evergreen trees. 



1. Cones 3-5 cm. long; twigs finely hairy; leaves 



only moderately stiff and sharp P. Engelmdnnii 



2. Cones 5-10 cm. long; twigs usually smooth; 



leaves very stiff and spiny P. pungens 



