48 
the rate of Rs. 2 for the produce of a middle-sized tree, say 30 ae 
high. An average cow passes about 3 quarts of urine “te bon 
yields about 2 ozs. of Piuri. The ‘animal is is said t ut 
100 to 150 ewts.; but this seems to be an Verne i nai deg 
the small number of cows employed for the (lobo ‘ 
I myself saw mango. leaves lying betore the cows, the collection o 
urine, and the manufacture of Piuri. So the real Pss of this kind of 
The 27th August 1883. 
In the Geneva * Archives des aras Physiques et Naturelles” for 
December p Professor Grebe has given the results of his investiga- 
tions. So much of the ida as p with Indian Yellow itself is 
e yellow colouring matter which bears the name of Indian 
Yellow, or Piuri (Purree), has attracted, ever since it first became known 
rope, the interest of chemists and Lb iau at The views as to 
its origin have been very various. Some have supposed it to la a 
deposit from the urine of the camel, elopháht, or buffalo, 
intestinal sagen by others it has. been regarded as of vügetille 
origin, 
fbr Grzbe then Siren the result of the inquiries set on foot 
by, Dr. p mei Teate 
* Piuri occurs i adel lisi, Legali 80 to 120 grammes, of 
which the interior iid à a the yellow colour, Mieg the exterior is brown 
e ga The odour is very characteristic, and recalls that of 
toreum, The analysis of the inner portion gives the following com- 
patio 
‘Belkin acid - + * - 51:0 
nesium - 5 - - - 42 
Calcium . - 3 S * Pe IT 
Silica and alumine é " M Er 
Water and volatile substances - - 89:0 
a 
* In order to prepare the different qualities of Indian Yellow which 
are employed in water-colour painting, the unrefined product is sub- 
iier: to a series of washings. The best brands of Indian Yellow 
ose richest in euxanthinic acid and ress and which contain but 
litte lime. In the commonest and cheapes uality, besides the acid 
already mentioned, euxanthone, one of the tra of its decomposition, 
also occurs in large quantity. This substance must be derived from the 
ihe kilogramme; C costs 200; D, 160; and G 50 to 60 francs. 
