161 
discovered, it was clothed with vegetation ; but the early settlers and 
goats combined destroyed it all, except in a very limited area, on the 
highest part of the island, and its place is now occupied by plants of 
more vigorous constitution from various countries. English oaks, Scotch 
` pines, s, and gorse are now prominent in the landscape ; the last being so 
abundant that many of the natives obtain their living from cutting it for 
fuel. The original vegetation consisted almost entirely of endemic plants, 
some of which are quite extinct, and the remainder seemed doomed to 
the same fate. 
Melliss, J.C. St. — a Physical . . . Description of the Island 
.. . its Fauna and Flo . London 1875. Large 8vo. pp. 426, 
56 gy plates. 
M Report upon the present Position and Prospects of 
the Agricultural Resources of the Island of St. Helena, a a map 
showing the three zones of Vegetation. Colonial Office, 18 
Hemsley, W. B. Botany of the “ Challenger ” ge «4 part 2, 
49-122, pistos 18-22, and 4 : 4. 
Melliss’s book contains coloured figures of nearly all the indigenous 
owiehe one and much information concerning their habitats. Th 
” Report is a complete enu umeration, $ synonymy, he of all 
the indigenous plants; a few of which are described at figured for the 
first time. It also deals with the question of distribu 
Tristan DA Cunna.—This, together mu Toscesii and Nightin- 
gale Islands and a few outlying islets, forms a group in about 37° S, 
lat. and 12° W. long. ‘The principal island re an area of only ga 
square miles, yet it rises to a height of 8,000 feet. Penguins abound 
and the vegetation is sufficient to support a few cattle and ‘cheep kept by 
the very small community of this remote speck of land, 
Hemsley, W.B. Botany ot the “ Challenger " Expedition, i., part 2, 
pp. 133-185, plates 25-38. 1884. 
The two most prominent plants in the vegetation, PAylica nitida, a 
small tree, and Rites acne a stout reed, are equally so in the 
distant Amsterdam 
Diego Alvarez, or Gough Island, in about 40° 30' S. lat. and 10° W. 
long., has not been borariloalty explore ; but a Tristan settler, who had 
lived for months in the island, assured Professor Mose ey, that the same 
onang plants, including the Ph ylica, grow there as in Tristan da 
Cun 
fei AND IsLANps.—Situated zi the South Atlantic, between 51° 
and 53° S. lat., and between 57° and 62° W. long. East Falkland has 
an area of 3 3,000 square miles, and West Falkland of 2,300 square miles; 
sud the rest of the ge about a hundred in number, bave an area of 
1,000 square miles = unt Adam, the NE ground in the 
to 65? in summer. ‘There are no trees, but the prs vegetation is 
said to present a great variety of sweet-scented flov 
Hooker, J. D. Flora Antarctica, part 2. "riso 1547. 4to, with 
numerous € 
Hem W. B. Botany of the * Challenger" Expedition, i., Intro- 
duction (1885), pp. 58-62. 
Sir Joseph Hooker's work consists of descriptions of all the species 
then known (very few have been added since), and figures of a large 
