227. 
In a Handbook of British Commerce by Mr. P. L. Simmonds, F.L S., 
1892, p. 153, oren gut is described “as an animal fibre used for 
* maki leaders for fishing lines, imported from China obtained by 
* ‘steeping rin "elk caterpillar in vinegar. One hundred and fifty, 
hundred weights are sometimes shipped to Europe from one port, 
* Kiungch 

 CCLXVIIT.—MANGROVE BARK AND EXTRACT. 
(Rhizophora Mangle, L.) 
e bark of the common Mangrove tree, which constitutes. the 
these shipments from Trinidad the bark was dried and broken in 
small pieces and shipped in gunny bags. A report upon a sample of 
Trini mangrove bark, communicated to Kew by Dr, Chittenden, 
Secretary of the Central Agricultural Board, is here reproduced :— 
Victoria ur erT Parade, Leeds, 
1890. 
We have examined a sample of bark 3 received from Messrs. A. L. 
Young & Co., Trinidad, on the llth in The sample was pe ner 
up, and contained a considerable moss dtr s dust. It was very readily 
extracted with hot water, and gave an infusion of a light reddish-brown. 
An analysis a a following resu 
Total e - - 33-04 per cent. 
Tannin, iy bi ide powder - 25°10 b 
Other E 7:94 » 
= = wm - 52-85 " 
Moisture á - - PET M 
On boiling with dilute acid the tannin was almost entirely converted 
into an insoluble “ red ” (phlobap ee "The solution yielded only a 
of gallic acid. Heating the tannin to 200 deg. C. — e same effect. 
he 
ith ferric chloride, dirty brown colour; on - pia ng ammonia, 
dark chocolate-brown precipitate. With tartar emetic, no pre- 
cipitate; on adding ammonia chloride, light coloured precipitate. 
With cupric sulphate, no precipitate ; on adding ammonia, reddish 
precipitate. With lead nitrate, light coloured precipitate. With 
lime water, reddish-brown precipitate. With strong mm 
„crimson colour. With bromine water, yellow precipitate. 
he tenia sa catechol tannin, and resembles mimosa bark to some 
extent, cet is sik identical therewith. 
1 in its reaction from the ase known tannins, and tts effect 
in ning can only be found by experience 
