288 
Tt is true that Calligonum are will be mostly found in the east, 
d that Capparis 
that Tamarix indicated a limestone for Mose 
isan is rarely odd except in gru revi of granite rock ; but 
re s evidence that some universal palio influence has been 
" work, which as reduced both landward and seaward slopes to a 
uniform con 
In the pastoral East botany has a wider significance and is a broader 
study than is fulfilled by the collection of specimens or observation of 
localities. It is, among the Arabs, the first thing carefully studied and 
own. It means the safety or destruction of their flocks. These will 
seem to be fair statements and free from exaggeration when the 
following facts are considered. 
Schweinfurth gives some 2,000 species of plants as found in E 
Arabs to t e m u tered over their p he esteem 
with which he is received amongst these people as a * writer of trees" 
is bag higher tiun "iet accorded to those who study temples and 
TR the valleys of the Northern Etbai, as the natives call the country, 
alittle boy will readily name nearly all the plants which can be shown 
him. "True it is all the knowledge he has. From the day he can walk 
he goes out with the flocks, and his alphabet is the names of the shrubs 
on which they feed. When he grows older he follows camels, and takes 
a wider range geographically and learns a different class of shrubs. 
t 
u 
and then his equipment is complete ; and, if the words he knows could 
bi seta it is probable that some 50 per cent. ook be found to be 
tanica. 
His Ie Dua CE is composed of five names for hills of paty size 
and shape, and four names for valleys and ravines; and a hill lofty 
enough to receive the name Jebel has always a Wadi of the same name, 
and the hill is generally called after the valley, and the valley is called 
after the principal tree which grows, or which, when the name was 
END grew along its course, So far is the geography connected with 
the bota 
In the nomenclature of the valleys another curious thing is remarked ; 
in hardly one valley is there found the tree from which that valley takes 
its name. There are none of the fragrant oroia Moringa aptera 
in the Wady Miah. 
re is no Crotalaria in the Wadi Natash, no Acacia tortilis in the 
Wadi Arreis, no Acacia spirocarpa in the Wadi Somr, no Taberne- 
montana in the Wadi Lehana. This last is an Abyssinian name. 
in these 
* 
s who wandered from Massowa to Kossair. rese Hamitic 
Deads were known to the Nile dwellers by the generic name of Beja, 
; ene Wich it seems probable is the Kensi word for “ outsiders.” 
caching “ outsiders ” to those didit i in the Nile Valley. 
