291 
In the time of the Ptolemies the camel route between the Sea and 
the Nile was used by Arab camel drivers with their beasts from Arabia. 
And a region south of Meroe appears to have beer oceupied by camel 
Arabs. In the fourth century A.D. for the second or third time the 
animal was re-introduced by the Saracens. In all cases its introduction 
was by e Berenice-Coptos or neighbouring Bes Sea Nile routes. - 
introduction of the camel in the fourth cen rests on the 
aihenty of unequal value of Ammianus Marcellini It wo pear, 
however, to refer to such supply as might afford transport on. the 
Berenice-Coptos road, and the opinion may remain unaffected that they 
only. bred in Egypt when their masters were seated as conquerors in the 
Nile Valle 
hus far what was fairly possible has m put iind. in support of 
the theory that the camel and his Arab were not domesticated in the 
country until A.D. 640, or some 1,200 cars 
seen nowhere expressed. what is according to my experience 
the relation between the Arab, his wife, and his camel. - In most cases 
n 
hands of women. In SORE ES. where a premium is awarded to inventive 
capaci ine ae may be reversed, but in Árabia, where nothing is 
T reat man is one who has married many camel-owning 
It = oes seem very probable that sid Islam arrived the valleys were 
full of the trees from which the Arabs gave them their names. It 
remains to apportion to the camel and to the Arab his share in the 
destruction of these trees. For while the camel eats the leaves and 
shoots, the Arab converts into charcoal the stem, root, and branch. 
I incline to state the matter thus:— 
long as the valleys were all the Arab had to depend on for Saiya f 
his camels, so long he preserved his trees for his camels. But b 
degrees some Arabs | got a footing in the Nile Valley. They hired their 
camels to the farmers to carry their harvest. They went back to their 
deserted valley and brought away the trees in form of charcoal. I 
t 
one can only put RRR the opinion based on the absence from the Nile 
Valley of suitable w 
It is only the abge acacias which furnish charcoal, but their dis- 
mg ehe drives the camel tothe other shrubs, These are soon grazed 
as. far as may be when the Arab comes with his axe and chops down 
the loftier boughs. Only certain trees will support, in that land, 
l 
cacias 
for two or je pue a valley will mig 50 or 60 well grown acacias, 
to the mile. The proportion hey bear to sid may be stated neath 
WS: 
Acacia Seyal - - = - - 60 
s Tianu i gg - 20 
