118 NATURAL HISTORY MISCELLANY. 
natural orders with hermaphrodite blossoms, which secure cross- 
fertilization as effectively as if the flowers were of distinct sexes. 
This treatise is a treasury of observation upon this subject. We 
have also from the same author an Italian version of a lecture by 
. Miller, on the application of the Darwinian theory to flow- 
ers and to the insects visiting the flowers, with extended notes — 
the whole of which is worthy of an English version. — Eps. 
Licnens.— Since the article entitled “ Lichens under the Micro- 
scope” was written, I have met with a notice in Krempelhuber 
(Geschichte der Lichenologie, vol. 1, p. 431) of three fossil lichens, 
one related to Ramalina, a second to Verrucaria, and a third to 
Opegrapha ; the first two found in the “ Eri ” or upper new 
Red Sandstone, and the third in chalk. 
In regard to the number of the species, it ought perhaps to 
have been stated that Krempelhuber’s enumeration includes all 
synonymes and doubtful species, in short everything to which a 
separate name has been attached. Nylander (Synopsis, 1859) gives 
the number of species at 1361, which is probably considerably be- 
low the real number. — H. W. 
ZOOLOGY. 
Nores on American Drer.—I wish to make an early correc- 
tion through the Naruratist of an error in my observations as 
given in my paper entitled ‘“ American Cervus.” On page 7 of 
that paper, I stated that the elk (C. Canadensis), like most other 
quadrupeds, has but one pelage a year. I can now state that it 
‘sheds its coat twice a year like all the other species of that genus, 
which I have had an opportunity of studying. 
The shades of color, and the length of the hairs, of the summer 
coat and its successor, are so nearly alike, and the former is sh 
and replaced by the latter so gradually, that it is exceedingly diff- 
cult to detect the change even when the attention is called directly 
to it. 
In anticipation of some more extended observations on this 
branch of natural history, allow me to notice a very marked physi- 
ological difference between the elk and the three smaller species 
of the same genus which I now have in my grounds (C. ad? 
ginianus, C. macrotis and C. Columbianus Rich). In the elk the 
