THE LESSER APPLE LEAF-FOLDER. 211 
nating anteriorly in a little knob, and posteriorly in a pair of 
hooks bent downwards, by means of which it works itself half way 
out of the closed edges of the leaf before the moth emerges. 
There is also a series of minute spines on the edge of some of . 
the segments which assist in this operation. 
The moth is three tenths of an inch long, the average expanse of 
wings being half an inch. _Antennz brown annulated with whitish 
on each joint, most distinctly on the under side ; first joint densely 
clothed with orange scales. Palpi orange, horizontal; the scales 
project around and beyond the end of the penultimate joint so as 
to form a little cup in which the small ultimate joint is inserted. 
Tegule more than half the length of the thorax. Head, thorax and 
fore wings bright orange. The orange scales which cover the wings 
are observed, when seen under a lens, to be mixed with numerous 
whitish, almost silvery scales so arranged as to form about tem 
indistinct, transverse, sinuous*or wavy lines. Hind wings, abd 
men and legs whitish, with a silken lustre. There is a little plume 
of divergent scales at the end of the abdomen. 
There are at least two broods of this insect in a season. The 
first brood of moths make their appearance early enough to de- 
posit their eggs in the folds of the young leaves as soon as they 
begin to open. Another brood was just emerging, as I have 
above stated, in the third week of July. This brood, as Mr. Wier 
afterwards informed me, by letter, began at once to deposit its 
eggs upon those leaves which had escaped the ravages of the first 
brood of larvee. 
According to my own observation, the caterpillars of the earlier 
brood draw the edges of the leaf upwards by means of their 
web, till they meet, thus forming a roof over the insect which pro- 
tects it from the weather, and must also in a great measure serve 
to conceal it from birds and other enemies. It must also form a 
serious barrier to the effective use of any destructive applications 
on our own part. But Mr. Wier informs me that the young of 
the last brood, hatching as they do, on the surface of the mature 
and rigid leaf, do not draw its edges together, but simply protect 
themselves by constructing a web over the surface of the leaf. In 
what form they pass the winter has not been determined. Mr. 
Wier affirms that he has seen the worms on the leaves so late in 
the fall that they were actually frozen to death. 
From the above account it is evident that this insect resembles, 
AMER. NATURALIST, VOL. V- 14 
’ 
