THE ANCIENT INDIAN POTTERY OF MARAJO, BRAZIL. 263 
form of heads of animals and men. They are readily broken off, 
and large numbers of them were picked up on the shore amongst 
the broken pottery. In the collection is a fragment of another 
burial urn, whose greatest diameter must have been about two feet. 
It appears to have been made on the same pattern with fig. 64. 
The design was substantially the same, but the chair-shaped figure 
was more drawn out and disposed horizontally. The surface of 
the vase has the same creamy wash, and the engraved design is 
painted red. The bounding lines are treble or quadruple, and not 
colored. " 
Anothèr fragment is of quite a small vase about eight or ten 
inches in diameter. The upper part, for apparently somewhat less 
than one-third the length, is swollen out, and ornamented with 
-seroll-shaped bosses, curious knobs, and engraved figures. The 
part immediately below this raised portion is cylindrical, and 
ornamented with figures thrown into relief by deep, wide, engraved 
lines. The upper bulging portion received a wash of creamy 
white clay, and the lower part a similar coat of red clay. The 
whole surface was evenly smoothed, and the line-figures were 
cut in, or scraped out. One of the tools, used in cutting, had a 
narrow chisel-like edge, and was probably the tooth of some 
rodent. Where large surfaces have been cut down, the parallel 
marks of the tool are very distinct. The mouth of this vase was 
slightly funnel-shaped, and the lip probably bore ornaments. 
In addition to the above vases there are two other fragments of 
less interest. One indicates a vase, the body of which must have 
been about eight inches in diameter, and over a foot high. It is 
rudely smoothed inside, but the outside is rough and without orna- 
ment. The other was, in the body, at least, cylindrical, and about 
five inches in diameter. The outside was washed with red clay. 
A sort of geometrical pattern is cut through this into a lighter 
material below. - 
It is just possible that some of the smaller vases, above de- 
scribed, may not have been intended for burial purposes. The 
largest are too small to accommodate a skeleton, even if dis- 
articulated. All the bones found in the urns were fragmentary. 
The probabilities are that the bodies were burned, and that only 
the ashes and charred bones were placed in the urns. An analysis 
of a small amount of black ash-like earth, found adhering to one 
of the jars, was made for me by one of my students, and found 
to contain a very large percentage of phosphate of lime. 
