388 RANGE OF AMERICAN MAMMALS. 
feet cloven.” Vanderdonck in his ‘‘ History of the New Nether- 
lands,” 1642, says, ‘‘ There are also white bucks and does, and 
others of a black color; the Indians aver that the haunts of the 
white deer are much frequented by the common deer, and that 
those of the black species are not much frequented by the common — 
deer.” The same peculiarity is noticed now, the moose and com- — 
mon deer are rarely found near each other. 5 
James Hall, in his fourth voyage, July 22d, 1563, saw “in lat. 
65, the tracks of some great deer as big as an ox.” This shows | 
the extent of the range of the moose at this period. They are not — 
found now in Newfoundland, although they are still abundant in 
some parts of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Alaska. 
The reindeer still exists in large numbers from the Arctic regions — 
to the south end of Hudson’s Bay, an average of five thousand — 
horns being annually shipped from Greenland to Europe. te 
The carraboo abounds now south of Hudson’s Bay to the United, 
States, and from Newfoundland to the Pacific; and although fossil 
remains have been found as far south as the Ohio, its range ab 
the time of the arrival of the white men was no more extensive — 
than at present; the settlers of New Amsterdam knew of it only | 
from the Indians, and from their description of it wrote back to 
their friends in Europe that the fabled Unicorn had been found. — 
The musk ox is not mentioned by the early travellers, but some 
of them mention having seen in Greenland the track of some big 
beast like an ox. The musk ox is not found now in Greenland. ‘ 
The common deer (Cervus Virginianus) was everywhere repre — 
sented as existing in incredible numbers ; this animal is still found, 
although in greatly diminished numbers, all over the 
portions of the United States, a portion of Mexico, Central Amer- 
ica, and South America to the Orinoco. It exists in immense 
numbers on the savannas of the northern part of South gy 
although there it is known by another name (Cervus campestris). 
As many as two hundred and fifty thousand have been shipped 
from Angostura in one year, and one hundred and seventy-five 
thousand from Para, i 
The Wapiti deer (Cervus Canadensis) was found all alo 
coast from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Vanderdonck mentio 
them as being plenty around New Netherlands in 1642. In 1 
Father LeMoine made a journey to the western part of New Yor 
and speaks of the astonishing number of the deer, and of the great 
