532 PRIMARY GROUPS OF MAMMALS. 
IX. ORDER CHIROPTERA. 
Anterior members adapted for flight: the ulna and radius being 
united, and the metacarpal bones and phalanges — 2d to 5th — much elon- 
e 
a 
sides of the body, and extending backwards on the hind members, down 
to their tarsi. Mamme pectoral. 
Contains nine families representing two sub- aoa FRUGIVORA with 
one family, and INSECTIVORA With eight famili 
X. ORDER INSECTIVORA. 
Anterior as well as posterior members adapted for ae on land: 
the ulna and radius entirely or adad separated: metacarpal bones and 
yi normally developed. ` Mammæ abdominal. 
Contains ten families referable to ie sub-orders; DERMAPTERA, With 
one Aay and GRADIENTIA, With nine families, one of which is extinct. 
(Rodent Series.) 
XI. ORDER GLIRES. 
Teeth encased in enamel: incisors (2; exceptionally, also two sup- 
plementary posterior teeth, ) ale rena ar from persistent.pulps 
growing in a circular direction: canines null: molars attypically with 
ridged surfaces. Lower jaw with condyles longitudinal and not received 
in special condyloid antics! but gliding freely bac eines and forwards. 
Members and feet ambulatorial. Placenta discoidal econ 
: ontains sixteen families, representing two sub-orders: cee 
TATI, with fourteen families, and DUPLICIDENTATI, with two families. 
: (Edentate Series). 
XII. ORDER BRUTA. 
Teeth (when developed) not encased in enamel: incisors typically 
absent (lateral present in Dasypus): molars variable: members and feet 
ambulatorial (modified often for grasping and digging). Placenta vari- 
able Scene — in Orycteropodide and Dasypodide ; diffuse decid- 
uat Manididæ de 
and coyledonous non-deciduate? in "Bra dypodide). 
ns nine finitinn: Scien five sub-orders ERMILINGUIA,; 
with one family ; SQUAMATA, with one family ; PONENT, with one family ; 
TORDIGRADA, with two ionien, one of which is extinct, and DORICATA, 
with three families, one of which is extinct; also one extinct family of 
undetermined affinities. 
SUB-CLASS DIDELPHIA. 
Brain with the cerebral hemispheres chiefly connected by a well-devel- 
oped anterior co corpus callosum being rudimentary, and 
with a moderately developed septum. Sternum with no element in front 
of the ma coid not connected with the sternum, but early 
m. 
anchylosed with and developed as a simple process of the scapula. Ovi- 
ducts debouching into separate vaginas. Testes chiefly abdominal; vasa 
