NATURAL HISTORY OF QUITO. 
625 
Columbid : Scolopacide 
*Chamaepelia gravativa Bp. — New Gra- Tringa Epere Vieill.—North America, 
nada.| *Tringoides macularius Linn. — N. A., Eu- 
* Chloroenas albilinea Bp.— New Granada, [rope. 
[Costa Rica.| * Gambetta melanoleuca Gm. — U. 8., Cen- 
* Columbula cruziana Lafr. [tral America. 
+ Zenaida hypoleuca Bp. avipes Bp.— North America, 
Penelopidæ: Poli Eat an Aud, — North America. 
* Ortalida Montagnii Sy Gallinago nobilis Sel. 
* Crax x oe Spix?) — Upper Amazon, Ardeidw: 
Chamaepetes Goudatii Less. — “cg Ae =" al E A kaanpte Gardeni Baird, — U. 8, to Peru. 
wm 
Tinamidæ:; Rallus Virginianus Linn.— North America, 
bet Meire radrid nehotus perdix Mol. atid Fulica Chilensis Des Mu.—Pern, Bolivia, 
æ: 
anellus “resplendens Tsch. — Peru, * Querquedula discors Liua. — <r States. 
Chiontd idx * Anas moschata Linn.— 
sad ‘Attagi: S Chimborazensis Sel. Colymbidx : 
Podiceps occipitalis Less,— Chili, ion 
LJ ts, 
This list gives one hundred and eighty-four species, of which 
thirty-eight are believed to be confined to the Valley.* The In- 
séssores number one hundred and sixty-nine, hummers, tanagers 
and fly-catchers predominating. The one hundred and eighty- 
four species represent one hundred and twenty-five genera: South- 
ern New England (Mass., Conn. and R. I.) with the same area 
contains two hundred and forty-two species in one hundred and 
sixty-three genera; Ceylon, nearly twice as large as the Valley, 
has over three hundred and twenty species in two hundred genera. 
The relative proportion is not very different. The majority of the 
Quito birds have a northern stamp. About eighty species range 
north of Quito, chiefly in New Granada; of these, twenty-one are 
found in North America. About twenty-five species range south 
into Peru, Bolivia and Chile; while very few indeed are found on 
the Pacific or Brazilian slope. This accords with that ‘rule of 
high generality” that the inhabitants of an area are much more 
nearly related to those of the nearest source whence immigrants 
might have come. The birds of the Quito Valley have a more 
extensive latitudinal than horizontal range. 
As a general rule the highland species are larger than the same 
‘residing in the lower altitudes. Thus, Buthraupis cucullata, An- 
cestrura Mulsanti and Metallura tyrianthina of Quito are much 
larger than those of Bogota. So the Patagona gigas is larger in 
Ecuador than in Chile; and the Chetura rutila of Quito eclipses 
the same species in Guatemala. The Euphonia nigricollis of 
Brazil, however, seems to be larger than that of the Andes. The 
*Many specimens are reported from Quito which in fact come from ~ among or = 
sia nh 0 Thus, Andigena inirostris, Bourcieria fulgi and Pi 
janop are from the west ae and Tanagra celestis from the east. Itis trent it 
either species of = — ters far into the Valley. and Jacamars 
