INSTRUCTION TO SCIENCE TEACHERS. 689 
The structure of the fern stem followed, exhibiting typical scal- 
ariform, dotted and spiral ducts and other forms of tissue ; also the 
leaf of sphagnum ; the methods of recognizing starch and cellulose 
being here again used. From the fern the class passed on to the 
study of a bean plant as typical of a phanerogam. Its general mor- 
phology, the microscopic structure of its tissues, the minute struc- 
ture of the flower and the histology of the essential reproductive 
organs were examined during three consecutive days, and finally 
the development of the seed and the growth of the young bean 
plant were studied. 
In this work each student used a razor for making sections of 
the parts to be studied, and portions of turnip were made use of 
for embedding delicate pieces of tissue, such as leaves, in order 
to facilitate the cutting of thin sections. A few typical flowers 
(e. g., Campanula, Rosa, Viola, various Orchids) were next studied 
as examples of the kind of modification of parts exhibited by 
phanerogamous plants and also the female flowers of a small Con- 
ifer. Before proceeding to the animal kingdom, a lecture was de- 
voted to a retrospect of the steps through which the class had 
passed from the simple to the more complex forms, a comparison 
of the various methods of reproduction, and an outline of the 
physiology of vegetable life. 
Amebe, the colorless corpuscles of the Triton’s blood, and 
the ameboid particles of Spongilla were the first examples of an- 
imal life studied. each member of the class making drawings of 
the various forms due to protoplasmic movement presented by an 
individual example of each of these cases of simple organism 
whilst in the field of his microscope. The Gregarine of the 
earth-worm next occupied a day, and every student was able to 
observe and draw the actively moving nucleated Gregarina, its 
simple encysted condition, and its various stages of breaking up 
into pseudonavicule. 
The structure of Infusoria was next examined, as exemplified 
in Vorticella and Vaginicola, the nucleus, contractile vacuole, 
mouth, etc., being fairly observed and drawn by all the students. 
Specimens of Hydra were provided, on the following day, and the 
endoderm and ectoderm, thread-cells and reproductive organs 
studied. To this followed a copious supply of Cordylophora la- 
custris (from the Victoria Docks), in which the class were able to 
study a typical compound Ceelenterate, and to recognize not only 
