I2 4 



W. A. SANDS 



Soldiers. Major soldier : head capsule orange to chestnut brown, nose ferruginous to pitch 

 black with red tip. Antennae and pronotum orange-yellow, meso- and metanota and legs 

 yellow. Abdominal tergites yellow to brown, sternites yellow. 



Head capsule in plan view short oval, circular, to slightly broader than long, nose near 

 cylindrical to moderately conical. In profile near straight to distinctly concave with head 

 rising from above or behind antennal socket in even curve to highest point and down to occiput ; 

 nose much shorter than rest of head capsule, measuring from hind margin of antennal socket, 

 up to equal in length, angle of nose cone 0-16 degrees. Antennae 13-14 segmented, 9 out of 

 10 with 13. IV and V subequal, longer than II and shorter than III. 



Head setae confined to distinctly to sparsely hairy nose tip. Abdominal tergites with 

 scattered minute setae, slightly longer on posterior three. Sternites with short backward 

 directed setae and longer downward or forward directed setae on posterior margins, arranged 

 approximately in 6 longitudinal rows, 3 or more times length of shorter setae. 



Minor soldier : colour as the darker major soldiers, antennae 12-13 segmented, about equally 

 divided between the two. 



Measurements (Major soldiers, 70 specimens from 18 localities, minor soldiers, 13 specimens 

 from 13 localities) in millimetres. 



Iajor Soldiers : 



Range 



Mean 



Head length to tip of nose 



170-2-43 



201 



Head width . 



0-95-1-58 



1-17 



Depth of head capsule . 



0-68-1-07 



084 



Width of pronotum 



0-48-0-77 



0-55 



Length of pronotum 



0-20-0-36 



024 



Length of hind tibia 



1-23-1-71 



1-39 



linor Soldiers : 



Range 



Mean 



Head length to tip of nose 



I-35-I-63 



1-46 



Head width . 



0-53-0-68 



0-59 



Depth of head capsule . 



o-43-o-53 



0-47 



Width of pronotum 



0-38-0-45 



039 



Length of pronotum 



0-18-0-20 



018 



Length of hind tibia 



1-03-1-28 



I-2I 



Variation. In the imago, there are sometimes small diverging depressions or a single median 

 depression on the frons, but these are usually absent or indistinct. The soldier caste is especially 

 variable in nose length, with a tendency for specimens from the western end of the range to be 

 generally longer than those from the east. Particularly noticeable in this species is the tendency 

 for specimens from higher altitudes to be larger than those from low. 



The imago of T. togoensis is not likely to be confused with other species except in 

 a very small number of cases where the antennae are 15 segmented without appre- 

 ciable subdivision of III, when it resembles T. occidentalis, and T. dispar. T. 

 occidentalis has rather more prominent eyes, usually longer $ cerci, and a differently 

 shaped fontanelle ; T. dispar has smaller eyes, lacks diverging pale streaks on the 

 vertex, and usually has a shorter hind tibia and longer $ cerci. 



In the soldier caste, some specimens of T. dispar, T. oeconomus and T. geminatus 

 are almost indistinguishable from T. togoensis, but the nose tip is usually less hairy 

 in T. dispar, the middle abdominal tergites have fewer minute setae in T. oeconomus, 

 and the antennae of T. geminatus are always 14 segmented. 



Specimens have been selected and labelled as lectotypes of T. togoensis and T. 

 nigeriensis by Dr. A. E. Emerson, but the designations have not been published 

 hitherto ; that of the senior synonym is given separately : 



