36 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



but a comparatively large number (2-7) is characteristic of Ceroplastes spp. (Text-figs. 

 41, 43). In many species setae are present in the region anterior to the anus where, 

 in some species, the small tergal plate of segment IX (mentioned later) is found ; 

 these setae are called ante-anal setae (aas). In most of the species they consist of 

 two long pointed hair-like setae, but in Parthenolecanium spp. one or both are some- 

 times bifurcate. In some genera (Eriopeltis, Pidvinaria and Ceroplastes ; Text- 

 figs. 24 & 26, 35 & 37, 41 & 43) a number of fleshy setae are also present in this 

 region, and in most species one or two small hair-like setae may occur in some 

 individuals. 



A group of small circular pores, reminiscent of vacant hair sockets, is found 

 dorsally on each side of abdominal segment I of Ctenochiton sp. (Text-fig. 16) and a 

 small number of these pores are also found in the ante-anal region in Ctenochiton sp., 

 L. luzulae and Genus B (Text-figs. 16, 27, 33). On each side of the base of the 

 penial sheath there is a funnel-shaped potich (gp), which contains 2 long setae 

 arising from its bottom. From about halfway up to the rim, the pouch is lined 

 with numerous quadrilocular, but also with a few tri- and quinquelocular pores. 

 According to Sulc (1931) the basal half of the pouch is fined with tubular pores. 

 The pores secrete a waxy substance which slides along the setae and constitutes the 

 conspicuous long waxy filament of the living male. The structure of the filament 

 and pores was studied in detail by Sulc. In Ctenochiton sp., E. pela, Genus A and, 

 as reported by Diirr (1954) in Lecanium pumilum Brain (= Saissetia oleae (Bern.) 

 according to De Lotto (1959)) the setae are knobbed apically. The setae vary in 

 length from short, i.e. the length of the protruding part only twice that of the part 

 concealed within the pouch (e.g. E. tiliae, Text-fig. 2) to long, where the length of 

 the protruding part is 4-6 times longer than the concealed section (e.g. C. hesperidnm, 

 Text-fig. 31). In L. luzulae the pouch is absent and replaced by a shallow depression 

 with one long seta, but no pores at all. From available information it is known that 

 the pouch is also reduced in Vinsonia stellifera (Newstead, 1903) and Ceroplastes 

 japonicus (Borchsenius, 1957). The glandular pouch corresponds to what is called 

 the "glandular plate " (Pflugf elder, 1939 ; Giliomee, 1961) in the Pseudoccidae. 



Genital Segment and External Genitalia 



The genital segment has become elongated to form a long tubular style which 

 tapers posteriorly. The anus (an) is situated dorsally in the membrane at the 

 basal part of the segment. The penial sheath (ps), which is composed of sternum IX 

 (Theron, 1958), is well sclerotized laterally and membranous ventromedially. The 

 lateral sclerotizations fuse dorsally with each other at some distance posterior to the 

 anus. In some species (e.g. most of the COCCUS group) they are also narrowly 

 joined anterior to the anus, a condition which obtains in the Diaspididae (Theron, 

 1958 ; Ghauri, 1962). The apex is sometimes produced into a small membranous 

 extension, which is best developed and finger-like in Ceroplastes spp. (Text-figs. 

 41, 43 ; R). The ventral membrane widens anteriorly to form a triangular area 

 which, for descriptive purposes, can be called the basal membranous area (bma). 

 Posterior to this area a narrow ridge is formed on the median line, which appears 



